Interpretation:
The atomic orbital overlap and MO energy diagrams for
Concept introduction:
Molecular orbitals are constructed from the AOs of different atoms. When two atoms are brought close enough together (i.e., about a bond length apart), the AOs of one atom significantly overlap the AOs of the other atom, enabling them to undergo constructive and destructive interference or mix, to produce new orbitals called MOs. When AOs undergo mixing to produce new MOs, there are equal numbers of bonding and antibonding orbitals, and the remaining orbitals are represented by nonbonding orbitals. In the case of
In
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- In the molecule below, which orbitals make up the sigma bond between H and C₁? Which orbitals make up the pi bond between C₁ and C2? H H C₁=C₂=0 O 1s on H & sp2 on C₁, 2p on C₁ & 2p on C₂ O 1s on H & sp2 on C₁, sp2 on C₁ & sp on C2 O 1s on H & sp on C₁, 2p on C₁ & 2p on C2 O 1s on H & sp3 on C₁, sp2 on C₁ & sp3 on C2 O 1s on H & 2p on C₁, sp2 on C₁ & sp2 on C2arrow_forward1. ionization of Cl2 (Cl2 —> Cl2+ + e-) leads to a shortening of the Cl-Cl distance (199 pm in Cl2, 189 pm in Cl2+), why? 2. why the C-O bond distance is nearly identical in CO (113 pm) and CO+ (112 pm)? 3. Derive the MO diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?arrow_forward1. Molecule A, shown below is closely related to the drug NGD-4715, which exhibits anti- depressant effects in animal models. Which of the following best describes the orbital overlap between the C and N atoms that provides the G-bond in the cyano group (labelled "e")? (A) C sp - N sp (D) Cp-Np OA OB OC OD OH (B) C sp'-N p (E) C sp - N sp¹ Molecule A (C) C sp - N sparrow_forward
- 7. Draw a picture showing the orbitals involved in the bonds only of the following. Hint: first draw the full Lewis Structure! (a) CH3CN (b) CH₂=CHCH₂CH=Oarrow_forward1. What are the VSEPR shapes (i.e., molecular geometries) associated with the nitrogen atoms in this molecule? (A) (B) (C) (D) I bent bent bent tetrahedral 2. How many sp² hybridized carbon atoms are present in this structure? (A) 1 HO. Br II trigonal pyramidal N. bent trigonal pyramidal I bent (A) aldehyde, ether, sulfide (B) aldehyde, ketone, thiol (C) amide, ketone, sulfide (D) amide, ether, ester II NH₂ III III trigonal pyramidal (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 3. Which functional groups are NOT present in this molecule? trigonal pyramidal tetrahedral trigonal pyramidalarrow_forwardAutoSave 合日 D Formal Charge & VSEPR & Hybridization & MO Diagram Worksheet-Saved to my Mac OFF Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View O Tell me e Share Times New. 12 v A A Aa v 三 AaBbCcDdE AaBbCcDdEe > v田、 No Spacing Styles Pane Normal Dictate v ab х, х* A • I v A 三。 Tomasik PRINT FULL NAME: Section Number: Workshop Formal Charge, VSEPR, Hybridization, and MO Worksheet 1. Which of the following is the best structure for CH2O2? Explain your reasoning. H-C-0-H H-C=0-H :0: Structure #1 Structure #2 on otom varrow_forward
- In the sketch of the structure of BF3 label all bonds. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Lone pair in sp orbital : B(p) – F(p) Empty p orbital Lone pair in p orbital B B(sp²) – F(p) в : В(8) — F(p) o : B(p) – F(p) Empty sp? orbitalarrow_forwardDescribe each highlighted bond in terms of the overlap of atomic orbitals. (If the highlighted bond is not a pi bond, select the blank option from the dropdown menu.) Compound 1: H H H-C-C-C-N: H -I H H Molecular orbital type: Atomic orbitals in the sigma bond: Atomic orbitals in the pi bond: Compound 2: H H CIH H-C-C-C H H CIH O H H Molecular orbital type: Atomic orbitals in the sigma bond: Atomic orbitals in the pi bond: H :N H C C ♥ C (> Carrow_forward2. In measurements of the structure of molecules, some interesting trends are observed. The bond angle (H-C-H) in CH4 is 109°, as we would expect for a molecule in the tetrahedral VSEPR class. However, other molecules in the same VSEPR class, such as ammonia (NH3, H-N-H= 107°) and water (H2O, H-O-H = 105°), have smaller bond angles than expected. Explain the basis for the bond angle trend: CH4 > NH3 > H2O. %3Darrow_forward
- In the sketch of the structure of SO2 label all bonds. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. : S(p) – O(p) Lone pair in p orbital Lone pair in sp? orbital o : S(p) – 0(sp²) т: S(p) — О(p) T: S(sp²) – O(p) r: S(sp²) – O(p) S(p) – O(sp²)arrow_forwardMISSED THIS? Read Section 11.7 (Pages 457-470); Watch KCV 11.7, IWE 11.8. Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. tab esc os lock control POD FES ! 1 10 FI Q A Z 1 option 2 F2 W S # 3 X H command 80 E D $ 4 C F4 Part F In the sketch of the structure of NF3 label all bonds. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels can be used once, more than once, not at all. R o: N(p)-F(sp) F Lone pair in s orbital *: N(p) - F(p) o: N(p) - F(p) Lone pair in p orbital *: N(sp¹)-F(p) Lone pair in sp³ orbital o: N(ap)-F(p) Submit % 5 V Request Answer ♥ T G ^ 6 MacBook Air C B Y H & 7 U N 8 J DII FB 1 M ( 9 K DD F9 O . - : I Review I Constants I Periodic Table option F11 { [ + ? = 1 I Reset Help 4m } ] delete 5arrow_forwardCH2F2 is a molecule with ["4", "2", "3", "1"] electron domains giving it a ["trigonal planar", "linear", "tetrahedral"] electron domain geometry. It has ["1", "4", "2", "3"] bonded atoms and ["3", "1", "2", "0"] lone pairs. CH2F2 will exhibit a ["bent", "linear", "trigonal pyramidal", "tetrahedral", "trigonal planar"] molecular geometry.arrow_forward
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