Concept explainers
Interpretation:
It is to be determined whether the proton transfer between
Concept introduction:
An elementary step in which a proton is transferred from an electron-poor site to an electron-rich site and one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously is called proton transfer step.
In an elementary step, the flow of electrons is from an electron rich group to an electron poor atom. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) must have axial overlap or parallel overlap. The axial overlap between HOMO and LUMO has substantial net overlap, so this reaction is allowed. If the HOMO and LUMO do not have a substantial overlap, this reaction is forbidden.
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- for each pair of compounds, circle the the most acidic proton in each molecule, and then indicate which is the stronger acid of the twoarrow_forwardFor each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid or conjugate base or both if the molecule hasboth a conjugate acid and a conjugate base (e.g., water).arrow_forwardSummarize the relationship between pKa and acid strength by completing the following sentences: a. The higher the pKa of an acid, the stronger or weaker the acid. b. The lower the pKa of an acid, the stronger or weaker the acid.arrow_forward
- The following are equivalent ways of asking about the acidity of an H atom: • What is the most acidic H on the molecule? • Which H is associated with the published pKa value? • Which H on the molecule is easiest to remove? • Which H on the molecule takes the least energy to remove? • Which bond to an H is most polarized? • For which H atom is removal least uphill in energy? • Which bond to an H atom, when broken, results in the lowest PE conjugate base? We will often find the last of these questions is easiest to answer. To do this, find all the different Hatoms on the molecule, and draw all possible conjugate bases.Only the lowest-energy one is the “real” conjugate base. Identify this structure, and you have found the most acidic H. Use this strategy to find the most acidic H on each of the following molecules. Note: Each structure hasat least three different kinds of H’s, so draw at least three unique conjugate bases for each.arrow_forwardFor each of the following pairs, indicate the stronger and weaker acid by dragging the appropriate label under the structure. Drag the appropriate label to their respective targets. • View Available Hint(s) Reset Help CH,CH,CH,-H or CH,CH,NH-H CH,CH,O-H or CH,CH,NH–H CH,CH,CH,-H CH,CH,NH-H or Stronger acid F-H or F-H Weaker acid H CH,CH,O-H or CH,CH̟N–H H.arrow_forwardVery confused on what the first question is asking me plus if I'm going about the reactions the correct wayarrow_forward
- Rank in order of INCREASING Bronsted acidity (ignore keto isomers). Give a BRIEF explanation that include drawings of each conjugate base anion, including all relevant resonance contributors. Your explanation must include the term "energy of electrons" To preview the image click here weakest ヘー strongest the hy HO HO C НО A Barrow_forwarda. Give full curved arrow pushing mec following reaction, and draw a reaction energy diagram. b. On the diagram, indicate the activation energy for the rate determining step, the reaction exothermicity, the positions of the intermediates and the transition states. c. Indicate Lewis and Bronsted acids/bases (LA/LB/BA/BB) for each intermolecular step. energy H₂O H₂SO4 (cat.)/heat LOHarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning