Interpretation:
It is to be determined whether the addition of a nucleophile to the O atom of a
Concept introduction:
In nucleophilic addition step, the nucleophile adds to the polar
The nucleophile is an electron-rich site, and the carbon of carbonyl carbon
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- The propagation part of the reaction mechanism involves two steps. Using fishhook arrows to show how the electrons move in these 2 propagation steps. Both of the products are formed in the propagation cycle. The radical consumed in the first propagation step is regenerated in the second propagation step.arrow_forwardConsider the given reaction in which NC−NC− is the nucleophile and CH3CNCH3CN is the solvent. The reactant molecule has a structure with solid and dashed wedge bonds. A solid wedge () is used to show the bond that is above the plane of the paper, and a dashed wedge () is used to show the bond that is behind the plane of the paper. Draw the product of the following reaction:arrow_forwardThere are three potential termination steps in this mechanism. Confused on how to write two of them, using fishhook arrows to show how the electrons move. And how to have a valid termination step involves the combination of any two radicals involved in the propagation part of the reaction mechanism.arrow_forward
- How might nucleophilic catalysis work?Draw out a possible mechanism.arrow_forwardDraw the most stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer.arrow_forwardMatch the reaction with the mechanism that it proceeds through. HO, HO. X catalytic H₂SO4 HBr Br₂ light 1. Free Radical Chain Reaction 2. SN1 3. SN2 4. E1 5. E2arrow_forward
- For the given Sy2 reaction, draw the organic and inorganic products of the reaction, and identify the nucleophile, substrate, and leaving group. Include wedge-and-dash bonds and draw hydrogen on a stereocenter. :CEN Organic product Inorganic product + Draw the organic product. Draw the inorganic product. Incorrectarrow_forwardWhat are the organic products of these reactions? Are they electrophiles or nucleophiles? What is their decreasing order of rate?arrow_forwardConsider this reaction: Br CH;OH Br-Br H3CO The mechanism proceeds through a first cationic intermediate, intermediate 1. Nucleophilic attack leads to intermediate 2, which goes on to form the final product. In cases that involve a negatively charged nucleophile, the attack of the nucleophile leads directly to the product. Br + CH3OH Br Intermediate 1 Intermediate 2 (product) In a similar fashion, draw intermediate 1 and intermediate 2 (final product) for the following reaction. OH + Br2 + HBr Br racemic mixturearrow_forward
- Your answer is incorrect. Predict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select 1 next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. Incorrect Your answer is incorrect. Predict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select I next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. Reaction Relative Rate G + H₂O - OH₂ 2 Br + H₂S - + Br 3 + H₂S SHI + ci I (fastest) Br + H₂O OM₂ + Br 4 (slowest)arrow_forwardFor a reversible reaction at an equilibrium: The rate of the reaction forward is the same as that of the reaction in reverse. The rate constant for the reaction forward is the same as that for the reverse. The free energy of substrate is the same as that of product. No conversion of substrate to product, and product to substrate occurs. Position of an equilibrium does not depend on substrate and product concentration , only on the magnitude of equilibrium constant.arrow_forwardWhat are the mechanism of the following reaction?arrow_forward
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