Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter CHST2, Problem 6RQ
The mechanism for RNA-induced transcriptional silencing of heterochromatic DNA is paradoxical. For example, how does it make sense that centromeric DNA in fission yeast first needs to be transcribed before it can be transcriptionally silenced?
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The interphase nucleus is a highly structured organelle with chromosome territories, interchromatin compartments, and transcription factories. In cultured human cells, researchers have identified approximately 8000 transcription factories per cell, each containing an average of eight tightly associated RNAP II molecules actively transcribing RNA. If each RNAP II molecule is transcribing a different gene, how might such a transcription factory appear? Provide a simple diagram that shows eight different genes being transcribed in a transcription factory and include the promoters, structural genes, and nascent transcripts in your presentation.
Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence
5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription?
Group of answer choices
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.
Since RNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 / 10^4 nucleotides, and the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 / 10^7 nucleotides, can cells tolerate errors made in transcription in comparison to errors made during DNA replication?
Chapter CHST2 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. CHST2 - What are some of the different roles that RNA...Ch. CHST2 -
2. What arguments support the RNA World...Ch. CHST2 - Prob. 3RQCh. CHST2 - How is bacterial DNA methylation and expression of...Ch. CHST2 - What are the three types of small noncoding RNAs...Ch. CHST2 - The mechanism for RNA-induced transcriptional...Ch. CHST2 - Although exRNAs are found in many fluids within...Ch. CHST2 - How and why are eukaryotic mRNAs transported and...Ch. CHST2 - The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that the...Ch. CHST2 - Bacterial sRNAs can bind to mRNAs through...
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- What is the production of RNA called and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the process?What are the similarities and differences between the transcription process and the repli-cation processes?Concerning their biological function what is the difference between DNA and RNA? Is there any situation in which DNA is made based on a RNA template? If there is,explain with an example how it occurs and state the enzyme involved?What is the difference between plasma membrane and cell wall?arrow_forwardUsing the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forwardRegarding the process of gene transcription in eukaryotes, it is correct to state that A)The transcription process is terminated when the RNA polymerase complex reaches the final region of the gene with the poly-adenylation signal. B)The RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complex contains transcription factors such as the TATA box binding protein C)The opening of the region of DNA that will be transcribed is done by the DNA helicase, present in the transcription complex. D)The main function of the Mediator coactivator is to promote the transition between elongation and completion of the transcription process. E)Different activators and repressors can influence the transcriptional elongation complex by binding to the promoter regions of genesarrow_forward
- The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ dramatically. The TATA box of S. pombe is about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site, similar to the location in most other eukaryotic cells. However, the TATA box of S. cerevisiae is 40 to 120 nucleotides upstream of the start site. To better understand what sets the start site in these organisms, researchers at Stanford University conducted a series of experiments to determine which components of the transcription apparatus of these two species could be interchanged (Y. Li et al. 1994. Science 263:805–807). In these experiments, different general transcription factors and RNA polymerases were switched in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, and the effects of each switch on the level of RNA synthesis and on the starting point of transcription were observed. The results from one set of experiments are shown in the table below. Components cTFIIB, cTFIIE, cTFIIF,…arrow_forwardThe locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ dramatically. The TATA box of S. pombe is about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site, similar to the location in most other eukaryotic cells. However, the TATA box of S. cerevisiae is 40 to 120 nucleotides upstream of the start site. To better understand what sets the start site in these organisms, researchers at Stanford University conducted a series of experiments to determine which components of the transcription apparatus of these two species could be interchanged (Y. Li et al. 1994. Science 263:805–807). In these experiments, different general transcription factors and RNA polymerases were switched in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, and the effects of each switch on the level of RNA synthesis and on the starting point of transcription were observed. The results from one set of experiments are shown in the table below. Components cTFIIB, cTFIIE, cTFIIF,…arrow_forwardThe locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ dramatically. The TATA box of S. pombe is about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site, similar to the location in most other eukaryotic cells. However, the TATA box of S. cerevisiae is 40 to 120 nucleotides upstream of the start site. To better understand what sets the start site in these organisms, researchers at Stanford University conducted a series of experiments to determine which components of the transcription apparatus of these two species could be interchanged (Y. Li et al. 1994. Science 263:805–807). In these experiments, different general transcription factors and RNA polymerases were switched in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, and the effects of each switch on the level of RNA synthesis and on the starting point of transcription were observed. The results from one set of experiments are shown in the table below. Components cTFIIB, cTFIIE, cTFIIF,…arrow_forward
- Describe how transcription would be affected in the Galactose metabolizing pathway in Yeast in the presence of the following mutations. 1. A mutation that resulted in an inability of Gal80 to enter the nucleus. 2. A mutation that resulted in a lack of ability of Gal3 to bind galactose.arrow_forwardMany uridine molecules are inserted into some mitochondrial mRNAs in trypanosomes. The uridine residues come from the poly(U) tail of a donor strand. Nucleoside triphosphates do not participate in this reaction. Propose a reaction mechanism that accounts for these findings. (Hint: Relate RNA editing to RNA splicing.)arrow_forwardTranscriptionally active chromatin are generally found near the outer regions of the nucleus near the membrane. true or false?arrow_forward
- What is "wobble" controlled during transcription in a prokaryotic cell? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardThe IMD2 promoter contains three upstream transcription start sites (TSS) that are utilized under high GTP conditions and a single downstream TSS (-106) that is normally only utilized under low GTP conditions. In a wild type cell, expression of IMD2 mRNA only occurs if transcription initiates from the -106 TSS. In 300 words or less, describe: 1.) The normal function of Ssl2, and 2.) why a mutation in Ssl2, that increases its catalytic rate, would allow expression of the IMD2 ORF under high GTP conditions. (Conditions under which the IMD2 ORF is NOT expressed in the wild type.)arrow_forwardConsider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds. 2.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. 3.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. 4.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.arrow_forward
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