Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter CHST2, Problem 1DQ
The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that the earliest forms of life used RNA as a genome instead of DNA. Why then do we not see organisms alive today with RNA genomes?
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Students have asked these similar questions
If RNA played a key role in the origin of life,why do cells now use DNA for information storage and proteins to carry out other cellular processes?
If nitrogenous bases (A, G, C, T or U) could polymerize to chains of nucleotides, could this eventually form the structure shown in the figure above? Would an RNA structure that can act as an enzyme, such as the one shown above, have been the result of chemical evolution with competition between replicating RNA molecules? Or was it likely the first RNA molecule that arose from a chain of nitrogenous bases could immediately act as an enzyme?
In a discussion about the origin of life, one student argued that RNA
molecules must have come before DNA molecules. What is the
most likely rationale for this argument?
RNA can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions,
which are necessary for self-replication.
RNA is more stable than DNA, making it more suitable for early life
forms.
RNA can replicate faster than DNA, enabling rapid evolution.
RNA can translate genetic information into proteins, whereas DNA
cannot.
Chapter CHST2 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. CHST2 - What are some of the different roles that RNA...Ch. CHST2 -
2. What arguments support the RNA World...Ch. CHST2 - Prob. 3RQCh. CHST2 - How is bacterial DNA methylation and expression of...Ch. CHST2 - What are the three types of small noncoding RNAs...Ch. CHST2 - The mechanism for RNA-induced transcriptional...Ch. CHST2 - Although exRNAs are found in many fluids within...Ch. CHST2 - How and why are eukaryotic mRNAs transported and...Ch. CHST2 - The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that the...Ch. CHST2 - Bacterial sRNAs can bind to mRNAs through...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Researchers have reported advances in their attempts to synthesize life from scratch in a test-tube—bringing non-living matter to life. In the lab, they have been able to produce ‘protocells’ from fatty molecules that can spontaneously trap pieces of nucleic acids that possess the code for replication and metabolism. With continued progress, protocells may be synthesized that form self-replicating, evolving system that satisfy the conditions of life. Consider the scientific understanding that may be generated from this project. What scientific questions might the knowledge generated from this project help answer? Reflect on the broader significance of this work. What objections might be raised about this line of research?arrow_forwardWhy do scientist believe RNA was the first molecule to form life?arrow_forwardProvide a brief discussion in support of the following statement: “RNA is believed to have played an important role during the origin of life.”arrow_forward
- NASA sends a mission to Mars that brings back a new life form! It is carbon-based and its genetic material is similar to Earth DNA except that it uses 6 different nucleotide bases instead of 4. Its proteins are also similar to those on Earth, but there are 60 different amino acids instead of 20. In order to study this new life form further, the National Science Foundation asks you for your ideas about the genetic code for this organism. How many spaces would you propose are in each codon of the genetic code for this new organism? Why?arrow_forwardYou don't need the internet to exchange "gene-mail" with your friends, you have your own way to share the latest genes for things like antibiotic resistance. a. What is the structure being described? b. What is the chemical composition of this structure? c. What is the function of the structure, and how does it benefit the bacteria? I'm not getting this riddle.arrow_forwardWhat is so special about RNA that it is hypothe-sized to be an evolutionary precursor to DNA and protein?What is it about DNA that makes it a better material thanRNA for storage of genetic information?arrow_forward
- All of the subunits in bacterial RNA polymerases have homologues in both archaeal and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. What does this suggest about the evolution of these enzymes?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term RNA world? Describe observations andevidence that support this hypothesized period of life on Earth. From the perspective of living cells, what are the advantagesof having had the RNA world be superseded by a DNA/RNA/protein world?arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab and have measured the size of mRNA that has been transcribed from a particular gene in your cell population. The length of the gene in the cells you are working, measured from the start to the stop sequence is 9000 nucleotides. When you measure the RNA, however, the size is only 3000 nucleotides. What do you think happened? O a. Three DNA base pairs code for one RNA nucleotide. b. mRNA does not contain exons. c. There must have been a deletion mutation in the DNA in these cells. Od. The poly-A tail is present in the DNA but not on the mRNA. Oe. RNA splicing occurred, so introns are removed in the mRNA.arrow_forward
- Small RNA molecules are involved in numerous genetic processes, including replication, translation, mRNA processing and degradation, inhibition of translation, chromatin modification, and protection against viruses and transposable elements. However, small DNA molecules have little or no role in these functions. Why has RNA and not DNA evolved to carry out these functions?arrow_forward1) Where in the heck did Class I transposons originate? a DNA mutations. b Bacteria. c Prophages. d Retroviruses. 2) What do you think about humans only having about 22,500 genes but we contain about 100,000 proteins?! a The production of quaternary shape in proteins can contribute to protein variation. b That's the work of the spliceosome! c Post-translation modifications in the Golgi Apparatus are responsible for some of that. d All the answers are correct.arrow_forward1) The direction of transfer of genetic information in all living things (as defined in the central dogma of molecular biology) is as follows: A) Protein → DNA → MRNA B) DNA → MRNA → Protein C) DNA → tRNA → Protein D) Protein → tRNA → DNAarrow_forward
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DNA vs RNA (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQByjprj_mA;License: Standard youtube license