BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780135276822
Author: Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 9TYPSS
Cyanide (C=Nā) blocks complex IV of the electron transport chain. Suggest a hypothesis for what happens to the ETC when complex IV stops working. Your hypothesis should explain why cyanide poisoning in humans is fatal.
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Many poisons function by blocking certain steps in metabolic pathways.For example, cyanide blocks the last step in the electron-transport chain.Explain why this blockage causes death.
Photosynthesis is defined as the chemical process, wherein carbon dioxide in the presence of water and radiant energy gets converted to glucose (chemical energy), giving out oxygen as byproducts. In the equation, the combining reactants and resulting products are expressed along with their respective numbers of molecules. Putting this in a simplified formula, the following equation represents this process.
CO2 + H2O + Light energy ā C6H12O6 + O2
Considering this equation, how plant lovers (plantitos and plantitas) able to cultivate their plants?
Which of the following statements are true? Explain.
I. ATP synthesis will cease to occur when the electron flow is blocked by cyanide.
II. 2,4-DNP allows electron flow to continue in the ETC without the synthesis of ATP.
III. -ĪG is the quantity that signifies that the reaction is SPONTANEOUS.
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 9 - Where does the citric acid cycle occur in...Ch. 9 - 2. What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a....Ch. 9 - 3. After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis,...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast substrate-level...Ch. 9 - If you were to expose cells that are undergoing...Ch. 9 - In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme...Ch. 9 - 8. Explain the relationship between electron...Ch. 9 - 9. Cyanide (C=Nā) blocks complex IV of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 9 - SOCIETY In the 1930s, DNP was introduced as a diet...
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- Cytochrome B5 is one of many cytochrome molecules in Electron Transport Chain. How would electron transport be affected if the cell had a defective cytochrome B5 gene and did not produce functional cytochrome B5? (It will help to discuss the function of cytochromes in Electron Transport Chain in your answer!)arrow_forwardIn electron transfer, only the quinone portion of the ubiquinone undergoes oxidation-reduction; the isoprenoid side chain remains unchanged. What is the function of this chain?arrow_forwardTo learn more about the role of the electron transport chain in generating energy during respiration in this organism, you use two drugs.Ā These drugs can each pick up electrons from specific intermediates in the pathway as shown above. You treat cells carrying out respiration with either a saturating dose of drug A or B, so that all the electrons which would normally continue along the pathway are captured by the drug in question. Complete the following table. In the presence of drug A, will the cells continue to consume O2? (yes or no), will the cells continue to produce CO2? (yes or no) In the presence of drug B, will the cells continue to consume O2? (yes or no), will the cells continue to produce CO2? (yes or no)arrow_forward
- Describe how electrons move through the electron transport chain and explain what happens to their energy levels during this process. For this question, you may want to briefly discuss what happens at each of the four complexes.arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules associated with electron transport is in the reduced state? Choose from the following: (A) cytochrome a3+++ (b) cytochrome a3++arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction:Ā Ā glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD ļ Ā Ā 1,3bisphosphoglycerate + NADH.Ā Ā Ā In this reaction, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is ___________.Ā This reaction takes place in ___________. Select one: a. reduced, electron transport chain b. reduced, Citric Acid Cycle c. oxidized, Citric Acid Cycle d. oxidized, electron transport chain e. reduced, Calvin Cyclearrow_forward
- The image below shows the citric acid cycle. Reactions (3) and (4) are referred to as "oxidative". What does this mean? Select the correct statement Dehydrogenation HOāCH Malate Hydration HāO malate coo- dehydro- genase CHā 1/ COO 0-c-coo ĆOOā¢ Fumarate CH HC fumarase CHā-COOā¢ Oxaloacetate FADHā Succinate succinate dehydrogenase Dehydrogenation CHā-COO- CH ā COOā¢ CoA-SH Acetyl-CoA GTP (ATP) CH3-C-S-COA HāO (5) Substrate-level phosphorylation succinyl-CoA synthetase citrate synthase Citric acid cycle Figure 16-7 Lehringer Brinciples of Biochemistry Fifth Edition Condensation NADH CHā-COOā¢ CHā GDP C-S-COA (ADP) O + Pā CoA-SH CHā-COOā¢ Hį»āCāC00 2a CHā-COO Dehydration Citrate HāO CO2 aconitase a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase CoA-SH CHā-COOā¢ C-COO- -COO aconitase HO-C-H isocitrate dehydrogenase/ Coo- complex CHā-COO CHā C=O COOā¢ HāO Ho CHā-COOā¢ Oxidative Succinyl-CoA decarboxylation H-C-COO cis-Aconitate COā (2b) Hydration Isocitrate Oxidative decarboxylation a-ketoglutaratearrow_forwardImagine that you are running away from a dinosaur. You are running as fast as you can and breathing hard but you just cannot get enough oxygen to your cells to allow them to keep doing aerobic respiration. Describe how your muscles continue to work and allow you to narrowly escape being eaten. Be sure to include the name and the description of the chemical reaction(s) that save your life.Ā Explain the exact purpose of these reaction(s).arrow_forwardThe unicellular fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the food industry to ferment sugars. The rate of fermentation is measured by CO2 production. The addition of inorganic phosphate increases this rate.1. Why does the fermentation of sugars, such as glucose and fructose, depend upon the presence of Pi? Which glycolytic reactions require Pi?Ā 2. Several glycolytic intermediates contain phosphate. Where did these groups come from during the reactions? How much Pi is required to generate one CO2?Ā 3.Ā Is CO2 generation the most reliable way to measure ethanol fermentation? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Type of reaction occurs in the citric acid cycle whereby a C6 compound is converted to a C5 compoundarrow_forwardCells need a special molecule called ATP to do the work of life. Assume that the energy of one electron from food (CH12OS) can be transformed into the energy of 3 ATP molecules. How many ATP molecules are generated by the breakdown of one sugar molecule during cell respiration?arrow_forwardThe complex chemical reactions that occur in living organisms can sometimes be summarized with chemical equations. The overall process of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration can both be summarized in this way. For the following equations, first determine whether each is summarizing photosynthesis or aerobic respiration, and then click on each of the boxes below the equations and correctly label all of the reactants and products. Ā The following equation summarizes the reactants and products of A. aerobic respiration B. Photosynthesisarrow_forward
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