BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780135276822
Author: Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 16PIAT
SOCIETY In the 1930s, DNP was introduced as a diet drug until it was banned from human use because of adverse side effects when high concentrations of the drug were used. These included increased respiration and even death. Propose an explanation for the side effects based on the effect DNP has on the proton gradient.
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The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes?
In terms of an electrochemical gradient being produced, compare and contrast any three (3) systems whereby a proton motive force is generated. Why is producing and maintaining a consistent proton motive force important? What potential problems could arise if the proton motive force becomes too high or too low, and how are these remedied? Discuss why in some instances a sodium motive force may be more appropriate than a proton motive force.
The ADP/ATP carrier, which exchanges cytoplasmic ADP and mitochondrial ATP, can also function as a passive proton transporter. a. Would the carrier protein augment or diminish the protonmotive force? b. Researchers found that nucleotide transport inhibits proton transport by the carrier protein. Could this competitive effect help link the rate of oxidative phosphorylation to the cell’s need for ATP?
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 9 - Where does the citric acid cycle occur in...Ch. 9 - 2. What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a....Ch. 9 - 3. After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis,...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast substrate-level...Ch. 9 - If you were to expose cells that are undergoing...Ch. 9 - In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme...Ch. 9 - 8. Explain the relationship between electron...Ch. 9 - 9. Cyanide (C=N–) blocks complex IV of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 9 - SOCIETY In the 1930s, DNP was introduced as a diet...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Models such as the one shown in the illustration below are often used to represent the electron transport chain. Explain why this model is well-suited to this concept. Explain why metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis require a multi-stage release of energy, rather than a one-step reactionarrow_forwardWhen the chemical dinitrophenol (DNP) is added to mitochondria, the inner membrane becomes permeable to protons. When the drug valinomycin is added to mitochondria, the inner membrane becomes permeable to potassium ions (K+). A. How will the electrochemical proton gradient change in response to DNP? B. How will it change in response to valinomycin?arrow_forwardThe proton electrochemical gradient consists of two components: a difference in pH and an electrical potential. To say whether it is true or false, if it is false to justify itarrow_forward
- Explain why the coupled reaction ATP → ADP + Pi in the P-class ion pump mechanism does not involve direct hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond.arrow_forwardExplain why some of the molecules are positioned away from the diagonal in the graph given below. What kind of processes are involved in this phenomenon? Moreover, explain differences and similarities between H-ATPases and H-PPases.arrow_forwardCan you explain why when the pH level was changed from 0 to 5, the ATP production was affected despite the supply of glucose being constant at just 1 mol for both treatments (At 0 pH and 5 pH). What is the reason on why this could have happened?arrow_forward
- 4) Compare and contrast proton extrusion by the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE and an ATP-driven proton pump. a) What is a possible advantage of using NHE over an ATP-driven proton pump if the exchanger does not operate close to equilibrium? b) If the NHE exchanger were to operate close to equilibrium, would the ATP-driven proton pump be more or less efficient at extruding protons than NHE? Why?arrow_forwardV-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.arrow_forwardAlthough the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?arrow_forward
- Explain the role that proton (H+) movement plays in chemiosmotic ATP generation during oxidative phosphorylation (“oxphos”) in aerobic cellular respiration. Include in your answer a description of the process (i.e., where H+ are originally, where they accumulate, etc). You don't need to name all of the members of the transport chain.arrow_forwardCyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas the inhibitoryeffect of small amounts of dinitrophenol on ATP synthesisis reversible. Explain the difference.arrow_forwardExplain how phosphorylation is involved in the function of the sodium–potassium ATPase.arrow_forward
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