Ligands are important cellular molecules that conduct signals during any cellular activity. Different ligands have different cellular receptors which get activated by their respective ligand and the cellular process is initiated. The absence of the required ligand during a cellular process can prevent the cellular process from completing.

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Chapter 9, Problem 8TY

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Introduction: Ligands are important cellular molecules that conduct signals during any cellular activity. Different ligands have different cellular receptors which get activated by their respective ligand and the cellular process is initiated. The absence of the required ligand during a cellular process can prevent the cellular process from completing.

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G proteins are involved wheneverA. Binding of messenger molecules to cell surface receptors triggers a target cell response.B. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers activation or inhibition of enzymes,C. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers synthesis of second messengers,D. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers a change.E. All of the above.

Identify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor . b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway. c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.

A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.