Concept explainers
Introduction: Cells respond to the changing environment, such as light, water, nutrient that causes some change in cell. These cellular changes enable a cell to adapt with respect to the changing environment.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: An agent that allows a cell to respond to changes in its environment is known as a signal. Hence, the correct answer is an option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The biological system such as a cell responds to changes in the environment with the help of a signal. Cell signaling involves many stepwise changes in the cell, such as activation of receptor, signal transduction, and a response by the cell. Therefore, a signal is an agent, which helps various cell processes to cope with the environmental changes.
Option (d) is given as “a signal”.
A signal is an agent that help cells to respond to changes in the environment. Hence, option d. is correct.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “a cell surface receptor”.
Cell surface receptors are present on the cell membrane and it binds to the specific molecules. Therefore, cell surface receptors are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “an intracellular receptor”.
The receptors that are present inside the cell are known as intracellular receptor. They are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “a structural protein”.
Cell membrane contains structural proteins and it confer a particular shape to the cell. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “apoptosis”.
The programmed cell death is termed as apoptosis. It is a part of cell signaling, but this process does not signal a cellular response. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and e. are incorrect.
A cell responds to changes in the environment through an agent known as “signal”.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology
- During cell signaling, binding of a ligand to the outside of a cell leads to: A. A signal being sent inside the cell B. The ligand being transported into the cell C. A and B D. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? O a. Acting as receptors b. Signal transduction OC. Identification of "self" O d. All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of membrane-embedded proteins?Choose one:A. Membrane-embedded proteins can form the base of structures that extend out of the cell (such as flagella and pili).B. Membrane-embedded proteins can store important inheritable information that is needed by the cell.C. Membrane-embedded proteins can serve as receptors that detect specific environmental conditions.D. Membrane-embedded proteins can import or export specific molecules through the membrane.arrow_forward
- The carbohydrate chains projecting from the plasma membraneare involved ina. adhesion between cells. c. cell-to-cell recognition.b. reception of molecules. d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardMembrane carriers resemble enzymes except for the fact that carriersa. are not proteins.b. do not have binding sites.c. are not selective for particular ligands.d. change conformation when they bind a ligand.e. do not chemically change their ligands.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is associated with a decrease in cell-cell interactions? Select one: a. loss of MMPs b. loss of basement membrane proteins c. increased integrin expression d. Loss of integrins e. loss of E-cadherinarrow_forward
- For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forwardSmall pieces of matter, and even whole cells, can be transported acrossthe plasma membrane ina. membrane channels. c. receptor molecules. e. vesicles.b. carrier molecules. d. marker molecules.arrow_forwardwhen a chemical messenger (or ligand) reaches a target cell, it binds to a receptor. A hydrophobic ligand binds to a(n) _______, whereas a hydrophilic ligand binds to a(n)_________. a. agonist receptor; antagonic receptor b. transmembrane receptor; intracellular receptor c. antagonist receptor; agonist receptor d. intracellular receptor; transmembrane receptorarrow_forward
- Concider the scenario and answer the questions: You are trying to build a new drug to stop cancer cells from proliferating and you are focusing onone receptor in the cell membrane. Your drug seems to not allow component A to bind to thereceptor and it causes no proliferation. When you study more in detail the cancer cells, you realizethat ATP is not binding to the receptor when you add the drug to your cell sample. Based on theinformation provided. What type of receptor does component A bind to?. What type of molecule is the drug?arrow_forwardTransmembrane proteins span the width of the cell membranes. Four types of transmembrane proteins are shown in a section of cell membrane. Although these proteins have different specific functions, they all -- a. help the cell interact with its external environment b. stop chemical reactions within the cell c. synthesize molecules that signal other cells d. remove large waste particles from the cytoplasm of the cell.arrow_forwardMatch the following cellular features and activities with the properties of cells. Cell structure is highly complex and organized structurally. Cell posseses genetic information. Cells engage in metabolism. Cells sense and respond to changes in the environment. A. Mistakes in the genetic material are called mutation. B. Protein receptors on cell membranes receive specific ligands that "communicate" the presence of a simulus or stimuli. C. Cells contain "blueprints" for constructing cellular structures, for rrunning cellular activities and for making more of themselves. D. All living systems are capable of doing "work" in whatever form. E. Cell…arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education