Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 9, Problem 121QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The fraction of chloride content in sample 1 and sample 2 has to be calculated and whether they can be distinguished by means of chemical analysis has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical analysis is of two types: qualitative and quantitative.  It gives the stoichiometry of constituent elements in a mixture or compound which basically depends upon the physical and chemical properties.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Sample 1 has been prepared by grinding one mole of KCl and one mole of RbCl together .  Sample 2 has been prepared by heating the mixture of one mole of KCl and one mole of RbCl.  In both the sample the stoichiometry of chlorine is same.

Molar mass of KCl and RbCl are 74.55g/mol and 120.92g/mol respectively.

Mass of one mole of KCl and one mole of RbCl together is given below.

  74.55g+120.92g=195.47g.

Then, mass of chlorine in one mole of KCl and one mole of RbCl together is given below.

  2×35.45g=70.90g.

Fraction of chlorine present in both the samples can be calculated as given below.

  70.90g195.47g=0.3627.

Therefore, the fraction of chloride content in sample 1 and sample 2 is 0.3627.

The samples can not be distinguished by means of chemical analysis.  Because both KCl and RbCl have same crystal structure and hence have same physical and chemical properties.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two X-ray diffraction results has to be interpreted in terms of the structures of the crystal lattices of sample 1 and sample 2.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

In case of sample 1 , two different types of X-ray diffraction pattern has been observed – one with an edge length of 629pm and one with an edge length of 658pm.  These unit cells are matching with the original crystal unit cells.  This indicates sample 1 contains two separate salts.  That means two salts have been physically combined but not chemically combined.

In case of sample 2 , a single diffraction pattern has been observed with an edge length of 640pm.  The new unit cell is neither of the two original crystals.  This indicates that two salts have been chemically reorganized into a new crystal.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical formula for sample 1 and sample 2 has to be written.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The sample 1 is the mixture of one mole of KCl and one mole of RbCl salt and from the diffraction pattern it has decided that two slats have been physically combined but not chemically.  Hence, the chemical formula for sample 1 can not be written.  For a mere understanding it can be written as KCl+RbCl.

From the X-ray diffraction studies, it has decided that two salts have been chemically reorganized into a new crystal.  Hence, the chemical formula for sample 2 is KRbCl2.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of each 1.00g sample dissolved in 100mL of water has to be compared.  The name of the ion and its concentration in each solution has to be determined.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 121QRT

The concentration of the ion [K+] , [Rb+] and [Cl] are 0.0512M , 0.0512M and 0.102M respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Both the solution has been made by dissolving equal amount of each sample in 100mL of water.  So the volume is same and the mass of each substance is also same.  Suppose that both the samples ionize completely producing the same number of each kind of ions.  Hence, their electrical conductivities are also same.  Each sample gives K+, Rb+ and Cl ions upon ionization.  Their concentration can be calculated as given below.

Molar mass of KCl , RbCl and the sample are 74.55g/mol , 120.92g/mol and 195.47g/mol respectively.

Consider the chemical formula KRbCl2.

Then,

  1gsample100mL×1mol(KRbCl2)195.47gsample×1molK+1mol(KRbCl2)×1000mL1L=0.0512MK+1gsample100mL×1mol(KRbCl2)195.47gsample×1molR+1mol(KRbCl2)×1000mL1L=0.0512MRb+1gsample100mL×1mol(KRbCl2)195.47gsample×2molCl1mol(KRbCl2)×1000mL1L=0.102MCl

Therefore, the concentration of the ion [K+] , [Rb+] and [Cl] are 0.0512M , 0.0512M and 0.102M respectively.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Polonium is the only element known to crystallize in the simple cubic lattice. (a) What is the distance between nearest neighbor polo- nium atoms if the first-order diffraction of X-rays with A = 1.785 Å from the parallel faces of its unit cells appears at an angle of 20 = 30.96° from these planes? (b) What is the density of polonium in this crystal (in g cm-3)?
3 Rubidium (Rb) adopts a body-centred cubic, BCC, structure at a pressure of 1 atm. Upon application of high pressure (of the order of 30,000 atm), Rb undergoes a structural phase transition to a face-centred-cubic, FCC, structure. (i) Describe what could be the main factor that induces the phase transformation. (ii) Describe how the diffraction patterns of the two forms would differ.
Copper crystallizes in an fcc structure with unit cells of side 361 pm. (a) Predict the appearance of the powder diffraction pattern using 154 pm radiation, (b) Calculate the mass density of copper on the basis of this information.

Chapter 9 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 9.6CECh. 9.4 - Sublimation is an excellent means of purification...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 9.6PSPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 9.8ECh. 9.4 - Prob. 9.9ECh. 9.5 - Predict which liquid—glycerol, HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH,...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9.11CECh. 9.6 - Crystalline polonium has a primitive cubic unit...Ch. 9.6 - Calculate the unit cell edge length of copper...Ch. 9.6 - Vanadium metal crystallizes in a body-centered...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 9.13ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.14ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.9PSPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.10PSPCh. 9.9 - The graph below is obtained when a liquid metal is...Ch. 9.9 - Look in Appendix D and compare the electron...Ch. 9.11 - Prob. 9.11PSPCh. 9 - Prob. ISPCh. 9 - Prob. IISPCh. 9 - Prob. IIISPCh. 9 - Prob. 1QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 2QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 3QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 6QRTCh. 9 - Which processes are endothermic? (a) Condensation...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 9QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 10QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 11QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 13QRTCh. 9 - After exercising on a hot summer day and working...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 9 - The molar vaporization enthalpy of methanol is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 9 - Mercury is highly toxic. Although it is a liquid...Ch. 9 - Prob. 19QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 20QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 24QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 9 - A liquid has a vapH of 38.7 kJ/mol and a boiling...Ch. 9 - Prob. 28QRTCh. 9 - The vapor pressure of ethanol, C2H5OH, at 50.0 C...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 31QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 32QRTCh. 9 - Which would you expect to have the higher fusion...Ch. 9 - Prob. 34QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 40QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 42QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 44QRTCh. 9 - At the critical point for carbon dioxide, the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 46QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 47QRTCh. 9 - On the basis of the description given, classify...Ch. 9 - On the basis of the description given, classify...Ch. 9 - Prob. 50QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 53QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 54QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 55QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 56QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 59QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 60QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 61QRTCh. 9 - The ionic radii of Cs+ and Cl are 181 and 167 pm,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 63QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 9 - Tungsten has a body-centered cubic unit cell and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 68QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 69QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 73QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 74QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 76QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 79QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 80QRTCh. 9 - Which substance has the greatest electrical...Ch. 9 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 83QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 84QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 85QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 86QRTCh. 9 - What makes a glass different from a crystalline...Ch. 9 - Prob. 88QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 89QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 90QRTCh. 9 - Will a closed container of water at 70 C or an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 92QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 95QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 96QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 97QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 98QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 99QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 100QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 101QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 102QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 103QRTCh. 9 - Consider this information regarding two compounds....Ch. 9 - Prob. 105QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 106QRTCh. 9 - If you get boiling water at 100 C on your skin, it...Ch. 9 - Prob. 108QRTCh. 9 - The normal boiling point of SO2 is 263.1 K and...Ch. 9 - Butane is a gas at room temperature; however, if...Ch. 9 - Prob. 111QRTCh. 9 - Examine the nanoscale diagrams and the phase...Ch. 9 - Consider the phase diagram and heating-curve...Ch. 9 - Prob. 115QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 116QRTCh. 9 - The phase diagram for water over a relative narrow...Ch. 9 - Prob. 118QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 119QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 120QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 121QRTCh. 9 - Prob. 122QRTCh. 9 - Titanium metal crystallizes in a body-centered...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.ACPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.BCPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.CCP
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
  • Text book image
    Physical Chemistry
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781133958437
    Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
    Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
    Text book image
    Principles of Modern Chemistry
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781305079113
    Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Chemistry: Principles and Practice
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9780534420123
    Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
  • Text book image
    General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781305580343
    Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133958437
Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Unit Cell Chemistry Simple Cubic, Body Centered Cubic, Face Centered Cubic Crystal Lattice Structu; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCWwRh5CXYU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY