Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.L1, Problem 18MCQ
18. The proton motive force is the result of
a. ATP synthase transporting protons during ATP synthesis
b. an electron gradient between the matrix and the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
c. a proton gradient between the matrix and intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
d. a buildup of negatively charged ions
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21. What is proton-motive force?
A. the transmembrane proton concentration gradient
B. the passage of protons through the inner mitochondrial membrane
C. the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen
D. movement of hydrogen into the mitochondrion
E. movement of hydrogen into the intermembrane space
F. the addition of hydrogen to NAD+
21. In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:
A. Phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane.
B. the sodium potassium pump.
C. difference in proton (H *) concentration on the two sides of the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
D. large quantities of ADP.
22. Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in the
A. nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. plasma membrane
D. cytoplasm
23. What are the products of one turn of the Citric acid cycle?
A. 1 CO2, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
B. 2 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
C. 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
D. 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
24. It is thought that the oldest stage of cellular respiration from an evolutionary
perspective is
A. the Citric acid cycle.
B. the electron transport chain.
C. fermentation.
D. glycolysis.
25.If the gene encoding the enzyme rubisco is mutated such that it is non-functional,
the process that would be affected is the ability to
A. harvest photons.
B. fix carbon.
C. make 02.
D. make NADPH.
26. In plants,…
The function of cristae in a mitochondrion is
A. electron transport and ATP synthesis
B. carbon assimilation
C. intake of o2
D. elimination of Co2
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
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- 10. The electron transport chain requires energy to synthesize ATP, this energy is derived from A the combination of hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen to form water B. the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion C. the movement of electrons D the presence of cytochrome . E. the breakdown of waterarrow_forward1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.arrow_forward1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false and state why you say so. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.arrow_forward
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- 1. A cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. B. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. C. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. D. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the end step for the electron transport chain? A. H+ ions flow down the gradient to generate ATP B. electrons are transferred to NADH and FADH2 for chemiosmosis C. electrons are transferred to oxygen, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which form water D. H+ are pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria to establish an electrochemical gradientarrow_forwardThe process that occurs in the mitochondria is A. anaerobic B. anabolism C. aerobic D. catabolismarrow_forward
- When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? Group of answer choices A. ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport B. The pH of the matrix increases C. The electrons gain free energy D. The cytochromes phosphorylate ADP to form ATParrow_forwardThe electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 can be a. pumped into the intermembrane space. b. transferred to the ATP synthase. c. moved between proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. d. transported into the matrix of the mitochondrionarrow_forward18. Photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETC of these processes? A. Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane B. In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP C. In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 D. In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell's plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forward
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