Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.3, Problem 19CYP
19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed from a glucose molecule carried through aerobic respiration, and how many are probably formed?
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6. The lens of the eye si the light refracting medium of the eye, and ti has no mitochondria. Glucose is used sa an energy source ni the lens. Which metabolic pathway of glucose supplies energy to the crystalline eye lens? To answer the
question:
a) write a diagram of the metabolic pathway that provides the eye's lens with
ATP, specify enzymes and coenzymes;
b) mark the reactions associated with the ATP consumption and synthesis,
calculate the ATP yield during the process;
)c specify the mechanisms ofATP synthesis ni the process;
d)name the tissues and cells in which the ATP synthesis is the same as in hte lens;
e) writethe dehydrogenation reaction and the reactionoffinal product formation occurring in the process;
4. How many moles of ATP would be formed from 10.5 moles of NADH and 6.75 moles of FADH₂ during electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
17. What is the Net total of ATP made during Electron Transport?18. What is the Net total of ATP made during the entire process of Cellular Respiration?19. What are the supermolecules NADH and FADH2 needed for?20. Which of the 3 processes will NADH and FADH2 be utilized?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
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- 1. What general factors contribute to the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of ATP?arrow_forward11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP ,CO2 000 COA NAD+ NADH H* COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD* 3 NADH 3 H+ Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* FAD 3 NADH FADH2 ATP FADH2" ADP FAD ATP ADP + Dept. Biol. Penn State C2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADHarrow_forward11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH Glycolysis 2 ADP 2 ATP Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP CO2 O00 COA NAD+ NADH H+ COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation 00 in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD+ 3 NADH 3 H* Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* 3 NADH FAD ADP FADH2 АТР FADH2 FAD ATP ADP + P Dept. Biol. Penn State ©2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADHarrow_forward
- 13. What are the end materials or products of Cellular Respiration?14. What is the product formed at the end of glycolysis?15. What is the Net total of ATP made during the Krebs Cycle?16. What is the Net total of ATP made during Glycolysis?arrow_forward6. The lens of the eye is the light refracting medium of the eye, and it has no mitochondria. Glucose is used as an energy source in the lens. Which metabolic pathway of glucose supplics energy to the crystalline eye lens? To answer the question: a) write a diagram of the metabolic pathway that provides the eye's lens with ATP, specify enzymes and coenzymes; b) mark the reactions associated with the ATP consumption and synthesis, calculate the ATP yield during the process; c) specify the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the process; d) name the tissues and cells in which the ATP synthesis is the same as in the lens; e) write the dehydrogenation reaction and the reaction of final product formation occurring in the process; 6.3. Gluconeogenesis. Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 271 ) indicate the fate of the end product of the process and the consequences of its accumulation.arrow_forward12. Which of the following statement about coenzymes is not correct? The adenosine monophosphate component of NAD+ does not participate in the redox reaction. Ubiquinones such as coenzyme Q can be reduced in two steps involving one electron each. The flavins can transfer or take up electrons in single-electron steps but they are not able to undergo two-electron reductions. The oxidation of glucose is coupled to the generation of both NADH and FADH2. The 2’ hydroxyl group of the AMP portion of NAD+/NADH can be phosphorylated to become NADP+/NADPH.arrow_forward
- 8. How would the H+ required to produce ATP differ in an ATP synthase that has an Fo subunit with a c ring with 12 subunits instead of 8?arrow_forward16. Describe how each of the following compounds participate in energy metabolism.a) Pyruvic acid b) NAD +arrow_forward10. Glycolysis is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that converts glucose molecules into pyruvate and yields a net of two molecules of adenosine triphosphate.Which molecule donates two phosphate groups to glucose to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in the early stage of glycolysis? Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) O Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)arrow_forward
- 17. Which of the following chemical formula summarizes cellular respiration? Group of answer choices 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy 6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6O2 + 6CO2 + ATParrow_forward5.Given the number of glucose molecules, identify the amount or number of ATP produced on each stage of cellular respiration and answer the question. |Glycolysis Link Reaction Kreb's CycleETCTotal 3 Glucose Molecules 5 Glucose Molecules Question: How many ATP molecules are produced in the link reaction if 3 glucose molecules are used in cellular respiration? A. 2 В. О О С. 8 D. 72 OE. 4 O O Oarrow_forward3. Distinguish the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation. I. 1 poir Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by transferring phosphate group directly to ADP molecule. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from sunlight. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from glucose. IV. Oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP synthase. A. I & II O B. I & II O C. II & IV D. III & IV pc FATDarrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY