General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 90P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the solution depicted in given molecular art is a hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The phenomenon of osmosis may be defined as the process that allows the movement of solvent from a region of high solvent concentration to a region of low solvent concentration. The colligative property associated with osmosis is termed as osmotic pressure which may be defined as the least amount of pressure that must be exerted on the solution side so as to prevent the flow of pure solvent across the membrane.

There are three kinds of solutions in the biological systems namely hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions.

The relative concentration of the fluid in the extracellular region determines the type of solution. In hypertonic solution, there is a net outward flow of solvent due to which the cell shrinks in size because the concentration of solvent is high in the intracellular region compared to outside the cell.

When a cell is placed inside a hypotonic solution there is a net inward flow of solvent due to which the cell swells up. This happens because the concentration of the solvent is high in the extracellular region compared to within the cell.

The solutions which have equal osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic with each other. There is no change to the cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution. The solutions that are intravenously administered must be isotonic with the concentration of fluids present inside the cells.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition

Ch. 8.3 - Use the solubility rules to predict whether the...Ch. 8.3 - Use the solubility rules for ionic compounds to...Ch. 8.4 - Why does a soft drink become "flat" faster when it...Ch. 8.4 - Predict the effect each change has on the...Ch. 8.5 - A commercial mouthwash contains 4.3 g of ethanol...Ch. 8.5 - What is the weight/volume percent concentration of...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.6PPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.7PPCh. 8.5 - A drink sold in a health food store contains 0.50%...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.12PCh. 8.5 - What is the concentration in parts per million of...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8.10PPCh. 8.6 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8.6 - Prob. 8.11PPCh. 8.6 - Prob. 8.12PPCh. 8.6 - How many grams of NaCl are contained in each of...Ch. 8.6 - How many milliliters of a 0.25 M sucrose solution...Ch. 8.7 - What is the concentration of a solution formed by...Ch. 8.7 - If the solution of A+B- in X is diluted, which...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 8.15PPCh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.16PCh. 8.8 - What is the boiling point of a solution prepared...Ch. 8.8 - Representations A, B, and C each show an aqueous...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 8.18PPCh. 8.8 - What is the melting point of a solution that is...Ch. 8.9 - Which solution in each pair exerts the greater...Ch. 8.9 - Prob. 8.19PCh. 8.9 - Consider the two aqueous solutions separated by a...Ch. 8.9 - What happens to a red blood cell when it is placed...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21PCh. 8 - Prob. 22PCh. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - Which representation of molecular art better shows...Ch. 8 - Classify each of the following as a solution,...Ch. 8 - Classify each of the following as a solution,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27PCh. 8 - Label each diagram as a strong electrolyte, weak...Ch. 8 - Prob. 29PCh. 8 - Prob. 30PCh. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - Prob. 32PCh. 8 - Consider a mixture of two substances shown in blue...Ch. 8 - Which diagram (C or D) best represents what occurs...Ch. 8 - If the solubilityofKClin 100 mL of H2O is 34 g at...Ch. 8 - If the solubilityofsucrosein 100 mL of H2O is 204...Ch. 8 - Prob. 37PCh. 8 - Prob. 38PCh. 8 - Using the ball-and-stick model for methanol...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40PCh. 8 - Prob. 41PCh. 8 - Prob. 42PCh. 8 - Prob. 43PCh. 8 - Prob. 44PCh. 8 - Prob. 45PCh. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - Prob. 47PCh. 8 - How is the solubility of helium gas in water...Ch. 8 - Use the solubility rules listed in Section 8.3B to...Ch. 8 - Use the solubility rules listed in Section 8.3B to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 51PCh. 8 - Prob. 52PCh. 8 - Prob. 53PCh. 8 - Prob. 54PCh. 8 - Prob. 55PCh. 8 - Prob. 56PCh. 8 - Prob. 57PCh. 8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8 - How would you use a 250-mL volumetric flask to...Ch. 8 - How would you use a 250-mLvolumetric flask to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 61PCh. 8 - Prob. 62PCh. 8 - Prob. 63PCh. 8 - Prob. 64PCh. 8 - Prob. 65PCh. 8 - What is the molarity of a 20.0% (v/v) aqueous...Ch. 8 - Prob. 67PCh. 8 - Prob. 68PCh. 8 - Prob. 69PCh. 8 - Prob. 70PCh. 8 - Prob. 71PCh. 8 - Prob. 72PCh. 8 - Prob. 73PCh. 8 - Prob. 74PCh. 8 - Prob. 75PCh. 8 - Prob. 76PCh. 8 - Prob. 77PCh. 8 - Representations A (containing 1.0 mol ofNaCl) and...Ch. 8 - What is the boiling point of a solution that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 80PCh. 8 - If 150 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is added to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 82PCh. 8 - Prob. 83PCh. 8 - Prob. 84PCh. 8 - Which solution in each pair has the higher melting...Ch. 8 - Prob. 86PCh. 8 - A flask contains two compartments (A and B) with...Ch. 8 - A flask contains two compartments (A and B) with...Ch. 8 - The molecular art illustrates a red blood cell in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90PCh. 8 - Prob. 91PCh. 8 - Explain why more sugar dissolves in a cup of hot...Ch. 8 - If the concentration of glucose in the blood is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94PCh. 8 - Mannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25%...Ch. 8 - A patient receives 750 ml, of a 10.% (w/v) aqueous...Ch. 8 - Explain why a cucumber placed in a concentrated...Ch. 8 - Explain why a cucumber placed in a concentrated...Ch. 8 - Prob. 99PCh. 8 - Prob. 100PCh. 8 - Prob. 101PCh. 8 - Prob. 102PCh. 8 - The therapeutic concentration—the concentration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 104CP
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