Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8R
You are provided with cultures with the following characteristics:
Culture 1: F+, genotype A+ B+ C+
Culture 2: F−, genotype A− B− C−
- a. Indicate the possible genotypes of a recombinant cell resulting from the conjugation of cultures 1 and 2.
- b. Indicate the possible genotypes of a recombinant cell resulting from conjugation of the two cultures after the F+ has become an Hfr cell.
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Two auxotrophic triple Escherichia coli strains (A: met- phe- ade- val+ bio+ thr+ and B:
met+ phe+ ade+ val- bio- thr-) are mixed in LB liquid medium, diluted and then spread on
LB solid rich medium. Six colonies are observed:
Then, replicates are performed on 6 different media (minimum medium + glucose + indicated
substances). The results are shown below. Determine the genotype of the 6 colonies observed.
Which ones are from strain A? From strain B? Which hypotheses can explain these results
and which one do you prefer?
met phe
val bio
Abbreviations:
met ade
val thr
phe ade
bio thr
Met: methionine; Phe: phenylalanine; Ade: adenine; Val: valine; Bio: biotin; Thr: threonine.
An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The conjugation was interrupted and the percentageof recombinants for each gene was determined by streakingon a medium that lacked either histidine or phenylalanine. Thefollowing results were obtained:Determine the map distance (in minutes) between these twogenes.
An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed with a strain thatis hisE− and pheA−. The conjugation was interrupted and the percentageof recombinants for each gene was determined by streakingon a medium that lacked either histidine or phenylalanine. Thefollowing results were obtained:It was found that hisE is 4 minutes away from pabB. The gene pheA was shown to be 17 minutes from pabB. Draw a genetic map describing the locations of all three genes.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RCh. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
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- E. coli strain B (permissive) were co-infected with rlla and rllb mutant phage T4. Progeny were plated in a dilution series with the following results: Lawn Dilution Number of plaques Strain B 10-6 10 Strain K 10-4 What is the recombination frequency? Remember that the readout is viability and you cannot see the inviable progeny. Answer:arrow_forwardSince higher concentration colcemid will result in shorter chromosome, you want to change your protocol and reduce final concentration of colcemid in your 10 ml blood culture from 0.1ug/ml to 0.05ug/ml. how many ul colcemid stock solution with concentration10ug/ml needed to be added in 10ml blood culture?arrow_forwardYou have conducted a transposon mutagenesis experiment using the same PRL27 system that was used during your lab exercise. After allowing for conjugation. you plate the conjugation mix on Luria agar and Luria + Kanamycin agar. After incubation, you count the following number of colonies on each type of plate: Media Dilution Number of Colonies Too Many to Luria 10-5 Count 10-6 173 10-7 28 Luria + Kanamycin 100 324 10-1 217 10-2 3 Determine the transformation efficiency. Note: You can enter you answer using long form (e.g. 1500000) or scientific notation using e notation (e.g. 1.5e6). Do not enter units.arrow_forward
- First picture: 1. What must be added in a minimal media for the recombinants to grow? 2. What must be excluded in a minimal media for the non recombinants to be killed? Second picture: 1. How is the recipient cell different at time D than it was at time A? Choice 1:It has a greater number of genes Choice 2: It has a greater mass of DNA. Choice 3:It contains different genes Choice 4: It contains bacteriophage DNA. 2. At which time can the recipient cell first be described as "recombinant"? A,B,C, or D 3. Which of the following processes is responsible for the shape of the curve at time B? Choice 1:transduction Choice 2:another choice Choice 3:entry of Hfr DNA into the recipient cell Choice 4:entry of DNA from the recipient cell into the Hfr cellarrow_forward) In a conjugation experiment, we used two strains: Hfr: streptomycin sensitive and F-: auxotrophic for isoleucine and threonine, streptomycin resistant. If we interrupt conjugation when only threonine gene has been transferred and spread this mixture on: Minimal media, Minimal media with streptomycin Minimal media with threonine and streptomycin Minimal media with isoleucine and streptomycin LB agar plates with streptomycin On which plates do we expect bacterial growth? Why?arrow_forwardHave a look at the results in this SDS-PAGE gel. A MW ladder is shown. In the "control" lane, a sample of recombinant protein "LBT3" was loaded. Lane A shows proteins that have been prepared from leukocytes from a normal, healthy individual. Lanes B, C, D, E and F show protein prepared from leukocytes from individuals with lymphoma. What is the best explanation for the result shown for patient D? 200 150 100 75 50 37 20 Weight, kDa MW ladder Control Aarrow_forward
- Draw a diagram/figure to explain the conjugation process (e.g. use PowerPoint or draw one by hand and include a photo of it). You should include in the diagram the F- recipient, Hfr Donor and the transconjugant/recombinant recipient. Make sure to include the genes encoding for Leucine, Threonine, Thiamine and Streptomycin resistance in your diagram. How does an Hfr strain of coli transfers chromosomal DNA to an F- strain? What determines how much of the chromosomal DNA is transferred?arrow_forward3 2. The table below was obtained by P1 phage transduction followed by media selection of an E. coli strain lacking the three genes. Determine the map order of the genes given the information provided. Demonstrate CLEARLY which are closer or farther from each other (no numbers needed). 1 2 MAP: Experiment Selected marker Ala+ Gly+ Ser+ Unselected markers (select- ed for by subsequent plating) 27% Ser+, 2% Gly+ 3% Ser+, 1% Ala+ 35% Ala+, 4% Gly+arrow_forwardAn F' cell with a functional copy of the threonine gene on the bacterial chromosome, but with a mutated copy on the plasmid is conjugating with an F-, thr+ cell. Assuming that recombination occurs 1. F' thr+/thr- The GENOTYPE of the Donor Cell after 2. F' thr+/thr+ conjugation. 3. F- thr + The GENOTYPE of the Recipient Cell after conjugation 4. F' thr + The GENOTYPE of the 5. F' thr-/thr+ Donor Cell before conjugation. 6. F- thr-/thr+ The GENOTYPE of the 7. F' thr-/thr- Recipient Cell before conjugation. 8. F- thr-arrow_forward
- E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interferencearrow_forwardThree pairs of bacterial cells with the given genotypes undergo conjugation. Place match the genotype of each cell after conjugation to its initial genotype. F+ x F Hfr F- F' F- Answer Bank F F F+ Hfr What is the role of the F-factor in conjugation? It contains genes necessary for replication of the donor's F plasmid. can occur. It allows auxotrophic bacterial cells to survive on minimal medium so that conjugation It contains genes that force recombination between the donor and recipient chromosomes. It contains genes necessary for the formation of the pilus. O It degrades the chromosome of the recipient cell after conjugation.arrow_forwardA B Figure 1 The postgraduate student, Vanessa, cloned her gene of interest into two different vectors; pUC18 and pZERO®-1, and transformed the competent cells with the recombinant vectors. After that, she plated them on the antibiotic plates and incubated her samples for 18 hours. The next day, she realized that the plates were not labelled. (i) Based on the observation above, can you identify which plate is carrying the recombinant pUC18 and pZErOⓇ-1, respectively? (ii) Why are there small colonies surrounding the big colonies in Figure 1 (A)? Explain your answer in detail. (iii) Do you think all the colonies present on the plates in Figure 1 (B) contain the gene of interest? Describe the selection procedures for recombinant pZErO®-1.arrow_forward
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