Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1A
Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used in treating cancer. These mutagens can cause cancer, so why do you suppose they are used to treat the disease?
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Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations?
A- gamma rays
B- X-rays
C- ionizing radiation
D- ultraviolet light
E- microwave
What is mutagen? Give an example?
What is a mutagen?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RCh. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
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- How do we know that many cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)are also mutagenic?arrow_forwardSome mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. Please explain reasons for the above mentioned statement. Human civilization has resulted in a large number of potentially mutagenic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and has changed the environment to increase the likelihood of encountering other mutagens, especially UV radiation. What roles should the authorities play in identifying mutagens and regulating their release into the environment?arrow_forwardResearchers sometimes use gamma rays to induce deletion mutations in certain organisms and thus create mutant strains. What might this suggest regarding how exactly gamma rays interact with DNA? What are they probably causing to happen that results in these deletion mutations?arrow_forward
- What is mutagenesis and what does it do ?arrow_forwardHow could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?arrow_forwardEarlier, we described the Lederbergs’experiment, which demonstrated thatmutations are not directed by the environment. But mutagens, which areenvironmental, can lead to mutations. What’s the difference?arrow_forward
- Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA replication to cause a mutation. Give two examples.arrow_forwardAre all human mutations handed on to their children? Please explain.arrow_forwardAs we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how many nucleotide bases make up a codon, before it was possible to sequence DNA and before Nirenberg and his colleagues solved the genetic code. To do this, they used a chemical mutagen that they knew made single nucleotide changes, used this mutagen to conduct a screen for mutations that disrupted a particular gene, and collected a number of different mutations in this gene. Briefly describe the logic they used to deduce that the codon length is 3 nucleotides long.arrow_forward
- A chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations, Nitrous, Aminopurine acid Acridine orange 2- produced by Hydroxylamine PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardAlthough it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardWhat type of mutation (transition, transversion, or frameshift)would you expect each of the following mutagens to cause?A. Nitrous acidB. 5-BromouracilC. Proflavinarrow_forward
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