Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1CAE
Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are used to treat microbial infections. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase. Erythromycin binds in front of the A site on the 50S subunit of a ribosome. Acyclovir is a guanine analog.
- a. What steps in protein synthesis are inhibited by each drug?
- b. Which drug is more effective against bacteria? Why?
- c. Which drugs will have effects on the host’s cells? Why?
- d. Use the index to identify the disease for which acyclovir is primarily used. Why is it more effective than erythromycin for treating this disease?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1.) Which of the following would be a good chemotherapy approach: blocking formation of the ribonucleotide GTP or blocking formation of the deoxyribonucleotide dGTP? Why?
Please explain the chemical differences between each of the two nucleotides. Use the specific processes below to support your choice by explaining how either GTP or dGTP are related to these and how loss of the particular molecule would affect each process.
A.) PEP carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis
B.) Succinyl-CoA synthetase in the TCA Cycle
C.) Glucagon signal transduction
The structure of a prodrug used for treating people with HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS is shown below. This molecule is a precursor of a protease inhibitor that competitively inhibits HIV protease due to its resemblance to the proteolytic site of the enzyme. Which process in the viral life cycle does this inhibitor target directly ?
Group of answer choices
a. viral protein processing for making new viruses
b. viral mRNA synthesis
c. viral DNA integration into the host cell DNA
d. viral DNA synthesis
Based on its molecular structure what would you expect to be the biological mechanism of the
hypothetical anti-cancer drug shown below.
OH
OMe
OMe ö
HỌ HỌ
Please choose one:
a. DNA intercalation
b. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition
c. DNA strand breaking
D. DNA alkylation
to Estrogen eceptor modulation
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RCh. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Why are mutants used as test organisms in the Ames test?
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
How does trandlation differ from transcription?
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecules would be arranged like this?
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
1. Genetics affects many aspects of our lives. Identify three ways genetics affects your life or the life of a ...
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Single penny tossed 20 times and counting heads and tails: Probability (prediction): _______/20 heads ________/...
Laboratory Manual for Holes Human Anatomy & Physiology Fetal Pig Version
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…arrow_forwardRNAi is currently being tested as a therapeutic tool for genetic diseases and other conditions. Consider the following: cystic fibrosis caused by loss of function of the CFTR gene, HIV infection, and cancer caused by hyperactivity of a growth factor receptor. Which of these may be treatable by RNAi, and which not? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhich statement(s) is(are) true about photo-active platinum-based anticancer drugs?A. The drug is not active until it is avtivated using a specific wavelength of light.B. Upon photoactivation, the complex udergoes a reduction and makes a Pt(II) complex.C. Pt(IV) complex can bind to DNA.arrow_forward
- Rifamycins have been used for the treatment of many diseases, including HIV-related Tuberculosis. Explain how Rifamycins inhibit the activities of bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardMatch the following antibiotics with the drug strategy that would provide resistance to them. rifampin which blocks transcription [ Choose ] Choose] tetracycline which misaligns the beta-lactamase anticodon to its codon mutation of the TRNA binding site of the ribosome penicillin which blocks peptidoglycan creation of alternate metabolic pathway that ultimately leads to the same product synthesis mutation of RNA polymerase polymyxin which causes leakage in the porin which removes drug from periplasmic space cell membrane sulfonamide which inhibits enzyme of [Choose ] folic acid synthesis pathway Question 14 2 pts % & 5 7arrow_forwardConsider the following simple regulatory pathways. Assume the full pathway is shown. A- E- B- F- C- G- D- 1 A H- 2 B || L You identify several null mutations (a complete deletion of the gene). For each mutant (indicated with a - sign), determine whether the final product (I, J, K or L) is inducible, uninducible, or constitutive. 3 C 4 D- [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] E [Choose ] F G I H || J Karrow_forward
- (61) A 61-year old woman comes to the physician because of scarring acne vulgaris that has not been responsive to topical medication. Oral tetracycline is prescribed . Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of this drug? (A) Blockage of DNA gyrase (B) Destruction of active transport membrane transport (C) Inhibition of aminoacyl-RNA binding to bacterial ribosomes (D) Interference with the action of peptidyl transferase (E) Interferance with translocation reactionarrow_forwarda. A single mutation in the riboswitch’s sequence changes the ligand binding specificity from guanine toadenine. Predict what single mutation could be made in the guanine-responsive riboswitch sequenceto convert it to an adenine-responsive riboswitch. Justify your answer b. Could a DNA molecule with the same nucleotide sequence as the guanine-responsive riboswitch bindguanine in a similar manner as the RNA-based molecule? Explainarrow_forwardConsider the following simple regulatory pathways. Assume the full pathway is shown. A- E- B- F- C- G- D- 1 A H- 2 B || L You identify several null mutations (a complete deletion of the gene). For each mutant (indicated with a - sign), determine whether the final product (I, J, K or L) is inducible, uninducible, or constitutive. 3 C 4 D inducible inducible constitutive uninducible constitutive inducible inducible E uninducible F G H > I > J Karrow_forward
- An individual carries a somatic mutation that changes a lysinecodon into a glutamic acid codon. Prior to acquiring this mutation,the individual had been exposed to UV light, proflavin, and5-bromouracil. Which of these three agents would be the mostlikely to have caused this somatic mutation? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardIndicate the biochemical activities for the enzymes listed below. Use the lettered list of activities to mark the activities of the enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription. E. coli DNA polymerase I Human telomerase E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme yeast RNA polymerase || E. coli primase A. 5' to 3' RNA-dependent DNA polymerase B. 5' to 3' DNA-dependent DNA polymerase C. 3' to 5' RNA-dependent DNA polymerase D. 3' to 5' DNA-dependent DNA polymerase E. 5' to 3' DNA-dependent RNA polymerase F. 3' to 5' DNA-dependent RNA polymerase G. 5' to 3' exonuclease H. 3' to 5' exonucleasearrow_forwardEmtricitabine (2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine, abbreviated as FTC) is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat HIV. It works by reversibly binding to HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) and by doing so, inhibits the virus from replicating itself. In an experiment, FTC and purified HIV RT are mixed at low concentrations and allowed to reach equilibrium. The concentrations measured are [FTC] = 10 nM, [HIV RT] = 37.5 nM, and [HIV RT-FTC] = 2.5 µM, for the equilibrium FTC + HIV RT= HIV RT-FTC. What is the Kd in nM?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY