Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 28ESP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for mosaicism caused by mitotic events.
Introduction: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in which the female is either partially or completely missing an X chromosome. Turner syndrome can lead to several medical and development problems, which include heart defect, short height, or failure of development of the ovaries.
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Assuming no other abnormalities, classify each of the following human sex chromosome complements as to whether or not individuals with that complement will be morphologically male or female. Three human sex chromosome complements will be classified as male and three will be classified as female.
XXY
XYY
XXX
XO
XY
XX
Explain why a person with Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) still exhibits abnormal phenotypes despite the fact that one of the extra X Chromosome is inactivated practically leaving an XY active sex chromosomes similar to a normal male?
Though an individual with abberations such as Robertsonian translocation may be phenotypically normal, they can generate gametes through meiosis that have atypical organizations of chromosomes, resulting in recurrent fetal abnormalities or miscarriages. Why, despite these Robertsonian translocations, are affected cells still able to generate typical gametes through meiosis?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 8 - A human female with Turner syndrome (47, X) also...Ch. 8 - When two plants belonging to the same genus but...Ch. 8 - What is the effect of a rare double crossover (a)...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 8 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 171....Ch. 8 - Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish...Ch. 8 - For a species with a diploid number of 18,...
Ch. 8 - What evidence suggests that Down syndrome is more...Ch. 8 - What evidence indicates that humans with aneuploid...Ch. 8 - Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with...Ch. 8 - Describe the origin of cultivated American cotton.Ch. 8 - Predict how the synaptic configurations of...Ch. 8 - Inversions are said to suppress crossing over. Is...Ch. 8 - Contrast the genetic composition of gametes...Ch. 8 - Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing...Ch. 8 - Discuss Ohnos hypothesis on the role of gene...Ch. 8 - What roles have inversions and translocations...Ch. 8 - The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36 chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18,...Ch. 8 - Drosophila may be monosomic for chromosome 4, yet...Ch. 8 - Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving...Ch. 8 - Having correctly established the F2 ratio in...Ch. 8 - The mutations called bobbed in Drosophila result...Ch. 8 - The outcome of a single crossover between...Ch. 8 - A couple planning their family are aware that...Ch. 8 - In a cross in Drosophila, a female heterozygous...Ch. 8 - A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 8 - In a recent cytogenetic study on 1021 cases of...Ch. 8 - A boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is born...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 8 - A 3-year-old child exhibited some early indication...Ch. 8 - A normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes,...
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- Barr bodies are formed to adjust X chromosome dosage in species other than humans, such as Drosophila (fruit flies) and C. elegans (nematodes). True or False ?arrow_forwardThe Xg cell-surface antigen is coded for by a gene located on the X chromosome. No equivalent gene exists on the Y chromosome. Two codominant alleles of this gene have been identified: Xg1 and Xg2. A woman of genotype Xg2/Xg2 bears children with a man of genotype Xg1/Y, and they produce a son with Klinefelter syndrome of genotype Xg1/Xg2Y. Using proper genetic terminology, briefly explain how this individual was generated. In which parent and in which meiotic division did the mistake occur?arrow_forwardwhat is the significance of chromosomal aberration? what are the different types of chromosomal abberations based on the structure and number of chromosomes? give examples for each. what environmental factors may increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations?arrow_forward
- Retinoblastoma can be seen as a familial cancer, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner (RB-/RB-), individuals heterozygous for the RB+ and RB- alleles can develop tumor as a result of… A mitotic crossover that leads to homozygosity for RB+ in some cells and RB- in other cells A meiotic mutation in the RB+ allele that leads to homozygosity for RB+ A somatic mutation in the RB- allele that leads to homozygosity for RB+ The fact that RB- is dominant to RB+arrow_forwardFrom 2 to 6 percent of people with autism have an extra chromosome that consists of two long arms of chromosome 15. It includes two copies of the chromosome 15 centromere. Two normal copies of the chromosome are also present. What type of chromosome abnormality in a gamete can lead to this karyotype, which is called isodicentric 15?arrow_forwardWhy is aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes less debilitating than aneuploidy of even the smallest autosomes? (Note: multiple responses are correct, please choose the best answer(s)) Select one or more: Only one X chromosome is required at any given time. Additional X chromosomes (as in females) are inactivated in most cells except for gametes Dosage compensation requires that all excess chromosomes (i.e. 2 or more) are activated at all times during the cell cycle The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes involved in spermatogenesis and sex development. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome results in the overproduction of sperm and increased fertility The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes required for spermatogenesis and sex development, but very few other genes. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome has minimal impact on the balance of gene expressionarrow_forward
- A human female with Turner syndrome (45,X) also expresses the X-linked trait hemophilia, as did her father. Which of her parents underwent nondisjunction during meiosis, giving rise to the gamete responsible for the syndrome?arrow_forwardA specific human individual with a male sex has the same sex chromosome complement as a metafemale Drosophila fly. Both individuals have a diploid set of autosomes.i) What is the sex chromosome complement of these two individuals? ii) If these individuals were produced from a fertilization event involving an abnormal egg and abnormal sperm cell, provide the genetic make-up of the two gametes? Clearly indicate the male and female gametes.arrow_forwardA man who is a carrier of a translocated 15/21 chromosome marries a genotypically normal woman. a. Show the possible gametes that will be formed by this man if the translocated 15/21 chromosome synapses with chromosome 21 at Prophase I.arrow_forward
- B. A woman is a carrier of a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 18 and 21. (i) Her chromosome set with respect to chromosomes 18 and 21 would consist of which specific chromosomes. Please draw a DIAGRAM illustrating these chromosomes as they would appear in their unreplicated state, clearly labeling the chromosomes and the chromosome arms present. (ii) If this woman were to have a child with a man who possess a completely normal set of chromosomes, there are six different possible outcomes with respect to the combinations of chromosomes 18, 21, and Robertsonian translocation chromosome that could be present in their offspring. Please indicate the TYPES and NUMBERS of chromosomes of each type present in their potential offspring. You may label the chromosomes as follows: 18 (for chromosome 18), 21 (for chromosome 21) or 18/21 (for the Robertsonian translocation chromosome). Also, please indicate the specific genetic abnormality (if any) that would be present in…arrow_forwardGiven the karyotype shown at right, is this a male or a female? Normal or abnormal? What would the phenotype of this individual be?arrow_forwardIdentify the type of chromosomal aberration described in each of the following cases: a. loss of a chromosome segment b. extra copies of a chromosome segment c. reversal in the order of a chromosome segment d. movement of a chromosome segment to another, nonhomologous chromosomearrow_forward
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