Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 12PDQ
Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing two alpha (α) and two beta (β) polypeptide chains. The α gene cluster on chromosome 16 and the β gene cluster on chromosome 11 share amino acid similarities such that 61 of the amino acids of the α-globin polypeptide (141 amino acids long) are shared in identical sequence with the β-globin polypeptide (146 amino acids long). How might one explain the existence of two polypeptides with partially shared function and structure on two different chromosomes?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In the human genome for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotide in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence
3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'
A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA.
Assuming that the linker DNA encompasses 35 bp, how many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? Use two significant figures. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA? use two significant figures.
Human Chromosome 22 (48 × 106 nucleotide pairs in length) has about 700 protein-coding genes, which average 19,000 nucleotide pairs in length and contain an average of 5.4 exons, each of which averages 266 nucleotide pairs. What fraction of the average protein-coding gene is converted into mRNA? What fraction of the chromosome do these genes occupy?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 8 - A human female with Turner syndrome (47, X) also...Ch. 8 - When two plants belonging to the same genus but...Ch. 8 - What is the effect of a rare double crossover (a)...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic...Ch. 8 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 8 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 171....Ch. 8 - Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish...Ch. 8 - For a species with a diploid number of 18,...
Ch. 8 - What evidence suggests that Down syndrome is more...Ch. 8 - What evidence indicates that humans with aneuploid...Ch. 8 - Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with...Ch. 8 - Describe the origin of cultivated American cotton.Ch. 8 - Predict how the synaptic configurations of...Ch. 8 - Inversions are said to suppress crossing over. Is...Ch. 8 - Contrast the genetic composition of gametes...Ch. 8 - Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing...Ch. 8 - Discuss Ohnos hypothesis on the role of gene...Ch. 8 - What roles have inversions and translocations...Ch. 8 - The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36 chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18,...Ch. 8 - Drosophila may be monosomic for chromosome 4, yet...Ch. 8 - Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving...Ch. 8 - Having correctly established the F2 ratio in...Ch. 8 - The mutations called bobbed in Drosophila result...Ch. 8 - The outcome of a single crossover between...Ch. 8 - A couple planning their family are aware that...Ch. 8 - In a cross in Drosophila, a female heterozygous...Ch. 8 - A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 8 - In a recent cytogenetic study on 1021 cases of...Ch. 8 - A boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is born...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 8 - A 3-year-old child exhibited some early indication...Ch. 8 - A normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes,...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Draw each of the following base pairs: A-T, G-C, and U-Aarrow_forwardIn addition to the standard base-paired helical structures, DNA can form X-shaped hairpin structures called cruciforms in which most bases are involved in Watson–Crick pairs. Such structures tend to occur at sequences with inverted repeats. Draw the cruciform structure formed by the DNA sequence TCAAGTCCACGGTGGACTTGC.arrow_forwardConsider the following coding sequence transcribed from 5' to 3'5' A T G A A G C G C T C A G T A 3' If a guanine is substituted for nucleotide 11 what type of base substitution has occurred (nucleotide level) and what would be the resulting phenotypic effect?arrow_forward
- he Sequence below comes from the alpha-2 globin of the human hemoglobin gene cluster found in chromosome 16. The globin region of the hemoglobin protein itself consists of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains. 1 actcttctgg tccccacaga ctcagagaga acccaccatg gtgctgtctc ctgccgacaa 61 gaccaacgtc aaggccgcct ggggtaaggt cggcgcgcac gctggcgagt atggtgcgga 121 ggccctggag aggatgttcc tgtccttccc caccaccaag acctacttcc cgcacttcga 181 cctgagccac ggctctgccc aggttaaggg ccacggcaag aaggtggccg acgcgctgac 241 caacgccgtg gcgcacgtgg acgacatgcc caacgcgctg tccgccctga gcgacctgca 301 cgcgcacaag cttcgggtgg acccggtcaa cttcaagctc ctaagccact gcctgctggt 361 gaccctggcc gcccacctcc ccgccgagtt cacccctgcg gtgcacgcct ccctggacaa 421 gttcctggct tctgtgagca ccgtgctgac ctccaaatac cgttaagctg gagcctcggt 481 agccgttcct cctgcccgct gggcctccca acgggccctc ctcccctcct tgcaccggcc 541 cttcctggtc…arrow_forwardMammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 109 bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine (a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers, (b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and (c) the combined length of all fibers.arrow_forwardAssuming that the histone octamer forms a cylinder 9 nm in diameter and 5 nm in height and that the human genome forms 32 million nucleosomes, what volume of the nucleus (6 μm in diameter) is occupied by histone octamers?arrow_forward
- The human genome contains thousands of sequences known as small open reading frames, some of which encode proteins of about 30 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides required to encode such a protein?arrow_forwardYou have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele: 5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’ 1. For the second, third, fourth, and fifth codons, write all possible anticodon sequences (left-to-right, 5’-3’), including anticodons with wobble and inosine. 2. Write the amino acid sequence of the wild-type allele (three letter or single-letter amino acid abbreviation ok). 3. For each of the following mutations: A. State whether the mutation is missense, nonsense, frameshift, or silent. B. Write the codon change that occurs for the missense, nonsense, and silent mutations (ex. GAA GAT). C. For frameshift mutations, write out the entire mutant sequence with each codon clearly indicated (if the frameshift creates a new stop codon, end the sequence at the new stop). D. Write the amino acid sequence of the mutants. Mutant 1: transition at nucleotide 23 Mutant 2: TG transversion at nucleotide 29 Mutant 3: an insertion of “A” after nucleotide 14…arrow_forwardYou have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele: 5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’ 1. For the second, third, fourth, and fifth codons, write all possible anticodon sequences (left-to-right, 5’- 3’), including anticodons with wobble and inosine.arrow_forward
- Which of the following sequences is most likely to form a beta-turn? Explain why? Sequence A: Ser-Pro-Asn-Val Sequence B: Gly-Ser-Asn-Pro Sequence C: Ser-Asn-Gly-Valarrow_forwardA duplex DNA molecule contains a random sequence of the four nucleotides with equal proportions of each. What is the average spacing between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-ATGC-3'? Between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-TACGGC-3'?arrow_forwardA diploid (ie, contains TWO sets of chromosomes) organisms with a 45,000-kb haploid (counts only one set of its chromosomes) genome contains 21% G residues. Calculate the number of A, C, G< and T residues in the DNA of each cell in this organism. Can you help explain why this is the answer, thank you! Answer: Since the haploid genome contains 21% G, it must contain 21% C (Because G=C) and 58% A + T, or 29% A and 29% T. Each cell is a diploid, containing 90,000 kb or 9x10^7 bases. Therefore, A=T = (0.29)(9x10^7) = 2.61 x 10^7 bases and G=C=(0.21)(9x10^7) = 1.89x10^7 bases.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
DNA vs RNA (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQByjprj_mA;License: Standard youtube license