Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 8, Problem 12Q
To determine
The time of formation of the rock.
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Potassium has a radioactive isotope, K-40, with a half-life of 1.25 billion years, and a natural abun-
dance of 0.012% (120 parts per million). Sea-water contains about 380 ppm of potassium (0.38
grams per litre), essential for life. Calculate the radioactivity of sea-water due to the potassium,
giving your answer in Bq m
-3
A sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 250 are still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.)
Figure
A graph and a series of bar charts above it both show the percentage of radioactive atoms remaining in a mineral sample. Detailed descriptions of the graph and the bar charts are available in the adjacent lists.
A sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 125 are
still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.)
Figure
Graph
Bar charts
A mineral sample
containing radioactive
atoms :, which decay
into daughter atoms
100
Percentage of
radioactive and
daughter atoms
in the mineral
50
100
Percentage of
-radioactive atoms
remaining
Age in half-lives
yr
Percentage remaining
Chapter 8 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1QCh. 8 - Prob. 2QCh. 8 - Prob. 3QCh. 8 - Prob. 4QCh. 8 - Prob. 5QCh. 8 - Prob. 6QCh. 8 - Prob. 7QCh. 8 - Prob. 8QCh. 8 - Prob. 9QCh. 8 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11QCh. 8 - Prob. 12QCh. 8 - Prob. 13QCh. 8 - Prob. 14QCh. 8 - Prob. 15QCh. 8 - Prob. 16QCh. 8 - Prob. 17QCh. 8 - Prob. 18QCh. 8 - Prob. 19QCh. 8 - Prob. 20QCh. 8 - Prob. 21QCh. 8 - Prob. 22QCh. 8 - Prob. 23QCh. 8 - Prob. 24QCh. 8 - Prob. 25QCh. 8 - Prob. 26QCh. 8 - Prob. 27QCh. 8 - Prob. 28QCh. 8 - Prob. 29QCh. 8 - Prob. 30QCh. 8 - Prob. 31QCh. 8 - Prob. 32QCh. 8 - Prob. 33QCh. 8 - Prob. 34QCh. 8 - Prob. 35QCh. 8 - Prob. 36QCh. 8 - Prob. 37QCh. 8 - Prob. 38QCh. 8 - Prob. 39QCh. 8 - Prob. 40QCh. 8 - Prob. 41QCh. 8 - Prob. 42QCh. 8 - Prob. 43QCh. 8 - Prob. 44QCh. 8 - Prob. 45QCh. 8 - Prob. 46QCh. 8 - Prob. 47QCh. 8 - Prob. 48QCh. 8 - Prob. 49QCh. 8 - Prob. 50QCh. 8 - Prob. 51QCh. 8 - Prob. 52Q
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- A radioactive nucleus has a half-life of 5108 years. Assuming that a sample of rock (say, in an asteroid) solidified right after the solar system formed, approximately what fraction of the radioactive element should be left in the rock today?arrow_forwardA sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 125 are still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.) Figure Graph Bar charts A mineral sample containing radioactive atoms :, which decay into daughter atoms :: 100 Percentage of radioactive and 50 daughter atoms in the mineral 100 Percentage of 50 -radioactive atoms remaining 2 3 Age in half-lives yr Percentage remaining :---1/2 remain----ER 1/4 remain---- ---: 1/8 remain-------arrow_forwardif the amount of the parent isotope in the original sample of a rock had been 48 grams, about how much would have been left after three half-lives?arrow_forward
- Using the differential equation model: (dN/dt) = -kN. (k>0) where N(t) = amount of 14C at time t, approximately how old is a fossil with 17 g of 14C if it initially possessed 45 g of ¹4c? (Note: assume half life of 14C to be 5700 years) Choose All Correct Answers Below (A) 7650 years B) 8005 years C) 5792 years D 9430 years 1012 years 9622 yearsarrow_forwardWhat is electroweak epoch?arrow_forwardA rock sample which originally contained 400 grams of radioactive isotope X now contains 25 grams of the material. The half-life of isotope X is 10,000 years. How old is the rock sample? (Give your answer without any punctuation or lables. For example: 15000).arrow_forward
- The half-life of Carbon-13 is 5750 years. Samples taken at an excavation site show that a one-kilogram sample has 65% Carbon-13 as compared to a normal sample. What is the age of the sample?arrow_forwarde A-Classilying x upp.acceler atebaming.com/ studenta ssignments/14358 * ALI Globel Login A Classes 6 Hitchcock ISD O Student Assignmen. X Welcome to Edgen. y for Stude G google cla ssroom- Save Larger rocks are slowly eroded away by the elements on Earth. Question 3 A metamorphic rock can also be thought of as a rock that changes. What causes the rock to change? Layers of sediment building up over time and pressing down, forming rock. Rain, wind, freezing, thawing, and plant roots growing cause the rock to erode away, leaving behind sediments. Extreme heat and pressure from deep within Earth cause changes to the rock's appearance, structur and composition. The rock slowly changes into a new rock over time. Qestion4 Based on the context in paragraph 4, fossil refers to how igneous rocks were formed over time the remains of dead plants and animals settle to the bottom of an ocean or lake and are covered by mud a trace or print, or the remains of a plant or animal of a past age preserved…arrow_forwarda parent isotope has a half-life of 500,000 years. if a rock contained 10mg of the parent isotope when it formed, how much parent isotope would be left after 1.5 million years?arrow_forward
- 2) Derive the absolute abundance ratios (4R; "R; 13R; 18R; 1"R) of the secondary standard NGS which was mcasured against the TKL limestone and yiclded the following mass ratios: S(NGS-TKL) =4,19 %; õm“(NGS-TKL) = 3.45 %o !i!arrow_forwardYou want to use radiometric dating to determine the age of a specimen. You use Isotope Z, which has a half-life of 645 years. You measure your sample and find that 1/16 of the original amount of Isotope Z is present. How old is the sample?arrow_forwardYou are dating rocks by their proportions of parent isotope potassium-40(half life 1.25 billion years) and daughter isotope argon-40. Find the age for a rock that contains 3 times as much Argon-40 as potassium 40. Needs Complete solution with 100 % accuracy.arrow_forward
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