Interpretation:
An experiment defining two methods to distinguish between metallic solid and ionic solid needs to be designed.
Concept introduction:
Metallic solid- Solids which are composed of metal atoms that are held by metallic bonds wherein the electrons are delocalized and metal ion is embedded in sea of electrons is a metallic solid.
Ionic solid.- Solids which are composed of oppositely charged ions where the lattice points are positive and negative charged particles are Ionic solids.
Answer to Problem 44SSC
The two main methods to distinguish between ionic and metallic solid is electrical conductivity test and striking with hammer test.
Explanation of Solution
To differentiate between metallic and ionic solids, the main aspect that needs to be analyzed is its solubility in water, conductivity, brittle nature.
- Property ofsolubility in water: For this, place the two solids in water and observe if it forms a solution.
- Electric Conductivity: Take the two solids and allow current to pass through these solids and test using conductivity tester. It can be observed that metallic solids will conduct electricity as it has free electrons moving that will carry charges. But ionic solids will not conduct electricity as there are no free electrons.
- Brittle nature: Take the two solids and beat with hammer and observe. It can be observed that ionic solids which are brittle will break into powder as the crystal lattice bonds are strong. When metallic solids are struck with hammer, the metal will become sheets as it is malleable and ductile.
It can be observed that metallic solids do not dissolve in water as the forces to break the bonds is quite high whereas ionic solid will dissolve in water as the forces of bonding can be broken down.
Hence, these are the three main ways to distinguish between metallic solid and ionic solid.
The two main methods to distinguish between ionic and metallic solid is electrical conductivity test and striking with hammer test.
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Glencoe Chemistry: Matter and Change, Student Edition
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