Chapter 7, Problem 47A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of bonds needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

An atom consists of nucleus which has protons, neutrons and electrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in energy levels. The electrons revolving round or electron cloud determines the various properties of the element. The electrons which are on the outermost shell or the valence shells are those which are involved in all reactivity.

Answer to Problem 47A

Chemical bonds are formed when ions formed by atoms losing or gaining electrons. Bonds are also formed when atoms share their electrons with other elements to get octet configuration.

Explanation of Solution

Many atoms do not have eight electrons in its outermost shell. There may be less than 8 electrons indicating that there is deficiency of 1 or 2 electrons. If atoms gain electrons it becomes positively charged ions and if it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged ions. This is done to attain a stable octet configuration. The forces of attraction between a cation and anion results in the formation of bonds between the elements.

Moreover, some elements share their electrons with other elements so as to attain a stable octet configuration. Such sharing results in bonding between the atoms of the elements.

Conclusion

Chemical bonds are formed when ions formed by atoms losing or gaining electrons. Bonds are also formed when atoms share their electrons with other elements to get octet configuration.