Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 8IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way by which exchange of sodium ions for potassium ions generate a membrane potential in sodium-potassium pump.
Introduction: The energy-dependent process where the molecules are moved from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against their concentration gradient is called as active transport. A best example for active transport is the sodium–potassium ATPase pump.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardYou have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.arrow_forwardChloride ions (Cl-) behave a bit differently to Na+ and K+ in that most cells don't have active Cl- transporters. As a result, the concentration gradient for Cl- is not 'set' like it is for Na+ and K+. There are, however, a limited number of Cl- leak channels in the cell membrane. As a result, Eci generally matches resting membrane potential - around - 70mV. Considering this, answer the following questions. If Cl- can cross the cell membrane, is not being actively transported, and membrane potential is -70mV, will there be a concentration gradient for Cl-?arrow_forward
- The resting membrane potential…A) Can be approximated using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.B) Represents a difference in charges across the cell membrane, resulting mostly from the passive flow of Na+ions.C) Has no influence on the driving force that acts on different ions across the cell membrane.D) Is equally dependent on the concentration gradients of potassium and sodium across the cell membrane.E) Becomes hyperpolarized during an excitatory graded potential.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is ther eason why the potassium leaves the cell readily at the peak of the action potential?A) The sodium-potassium pumps work hard to return potassium to the extracellular fluid. B) Diffusion will continue to push potassium into the cell, but electrostatic pressure will move potassium out of the cell. C) Diffusion will push potassium out of the cell, but electrostatic pressure continues to attract potassium to the interior of the cell. D) Both diffusion and electrostatic pressure will cause potassium to exit the cell.arrow_forwardWhich statement is TRUE regarding the Na+ voltage-gated channel in neurons? A) Similar to the potassium ion channel, it exists as a tetramer in the membrane. B) Aspartate residues are part of the voltage-sensing helices. C) Positive membrane potentials on the extracellular side will close the channel. D) Ion specificity comes from the voltage-sensing helices.arrow_forward
- What is the application of electrical application in Cell Membrane potential gradient?arrow_forwardIn many organisms, the central nervous system relies on specialized cells called neurons to propagate an electrochemical signal along the axon of each neuron. The propagation of this signal relies on the sodium-potassium pump, a membrane-bound protein that alter- natingly moves three sodium ions outside of the cell against the concentration gradient and moves two potassium ions into the cell along the concentration gradient. Based on the information above, which is most likely true about the sodium-potassium pump? A B с D It requires ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell and to move potassium ions into the cell. It requires ATP to move the potassium ions into the cell. It requires ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell against the concentration gradient. It does not require ATP to move the sodium ions outside of the cell or to move potas- sium ions into the cell.arrow_forwardThe rapid upstroke of a SA nodal cell action potential is due to the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. answer should clearly state whether or not the statement is correct and then concisely explain why. the answer should be 3-5 sentences and address all of the points in the statement. Here is an example: Both transmembrane carrier proteins and transmembrane channel proteins can mediate active transport of a hydrophilic solute through a cell plasma membrane. This statement is incorrect. Movement of a solute through a channel protein is always passive, whereas carrier-mediated transmembrane transport can be either passive or active. A transmembrane channel protein creates a pore through the membrane allowing for simple diffusion of a hydrophilic solute down a concentration gradient through the membrane. In contrast, transmembrane carrier protein interacts with and ‘escorts’ a hydrophilic solute through the membrane and is capable of transporting a solute against a concentration…arrow_forward
- An analog of cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP, will permeate cellular membranes, is only slowly degraded by a rod cell’s PDE activity, and is as effective as cGMP in opening the gated channel in the cell’s outer segment. If you suspended rod cells in a buffer containing a relatively high [8-Br-cGMP], then illuminatedthe cells while measuring their membrane potential, what would you observe?arrow_forwardHow are transmembrane potentials maintained in a leaky membrane?arrow_forwardWhat is membrane potential and how is this created?arrow_forward
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