Interpretation:
The starting material that gives the desired product on working backward is to be deduced.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogens of a hydrocarbon or a
The reaction in which the halide group is removed to form alkene is called dehydrohalogenation.
The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.
The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Provide the necessary reagents to accomplish the desired organic reactions. Please number the steps and note that some reactions will require more than one step. (a) (b) Me Br OMe NH Me ÓTs OMearrow_forwardApply retrosynthetic analysis to guide the preparation of each of the following compounds from the indicated starting material, then write out the synthesis showing the necessary reagents. (a) 1-Propanol from 2-propanol (b) 1,2-Dibromopropane from 2-bromopropane (c) 1-Bromo-2-propanol from 2-propanol (d) 1-Bromo-2-methyl-2-propanol from tert-butyl bromide (e) 1,2-Epoxypropane from 2-propanol (f) tert-Butyl alcohol from isobutyl alcohol (g) tert-Butyl iodide from isobutyl iodide (h) trans-2-Chlorocyclohexanol from cyclohexyl chloridearrow_forwardPredict the major product or the necessary reagent or reactant to complete each of the following reactions. In the box before each reaction, indicate the mechanism followed by the reaction. (Free radical (FR), SN2, SN1). (b) (a) Cl₂ CH₂CH₂OH (a) 1 hv 2 (b) H Br H₂O Na+ SCH3 (c) (d) CI "CH3arrow_forward
- Ethoxide is used as the base in the condensation of ethyl acetate to avoid some unwantedside reactions. Show what side reactions would occur if the following bases were used.(a) sodium methoxidearrow_forwardGive the products expected from the following reactions.(a) acetyl chloride + ethylaminearrow_forwardGive the substitution and elimination products you would expect from the followingreactions.(a) 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane heated in methanol(b) 1-iodo-1-phenylcyclopentane heated in ethanolarrow_forward
- Starting with 2-methylpropene, outline a synthesis of (a) (CH3)3COH (b) (CH3)2C(OH)CH2Brarrow_forwardProvide the expected product for the reaction of each of the following alkenes with (i) HBr and (ii) HBr, H₂O₂. 3 (b) (c) (d) (e)arrow_forwardNucleophilic aromatic substitution provides one of the common methods for making phenols. Show how you would synthesize the following phenols, using benzene or toluene as your aromatic starting material, and explain why mixtures of products would be obtained in some cases.(a) p-nitrophenol (b) 2,4,6-tribromophenol (c) p-chlorophenolarrow_forward
- Which reactions will produce the desired product in good yield? You may assume that aluminum chloride is added as a catalyst in each case. For the reactions that will not give a good yield of the desired product, predict the major products. Reagents Desired Product(a) benzene + n-butyl bromide n-butylbenzene(b) ethylbenzene + tert-butyl chloride p-ethyl-tert-butylbenzene(c) bromobenzene + ethyl chloride p-bromoethylbenzene(d) benzamide (PhCONH2) + CH3CH2Cl p-ethylbenzamide(e) toluene + HNO3, H2SO4, heat 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)arrow_forwardGuiding your reasoning by retrosynthetic analysis, show how you could prepare each of the following compounds from the given starting material and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents. All require more than one synthetic step. (a) Cyclopentyl iodide from cyclopentane (b) 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane from 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (c) meso-2,3-Dibromobutane from 2-butyne (d) 1-Heptene from 1-bromopentane (e) cis-2-Hexene from 1,2-dibromopentane (f) Butyl methyl ether (CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH3) from 1-butenearrow_forward(a) CH3CHDOH (b) Show how to make these deuterium-labeled compounds, using CD3MgBr and D2O as your sources of deuterium, and any non-deuterated starting materials you wish. (a) CH3CH(OD)CD3 (d) Ph(CD3)2COD (b) CH3C(OH)(CD3)2 (c) CD3CH2CH2OHarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY