Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 7, Problem 42QAP
(a)
To determine
The temperature of the planet if albedo is
(b)
To determine
The average temperature of the planet if albedo is
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What is the atmospheric temperature IN KELVIN of a planet 4 AU from the sun, with
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Pure, solid water ice has an albedo A≈0.35. What is the minimum distance from the Sun at which a rapidly rotating ice cube would remain frozen? Between which two planets does this distance lie?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QAP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Using Wien’s displacement law, what is the peak wavelength of Earth if its surface temperature is 300 K?arrow_forwardMercury, the closest planet to the sun (distance sun - Mercury = 57.0×106 km),has virtually no atmosphere. Its average temperature, as seen from space, is 170 °C.Determine the albedo, a, of Mercury. Earth's solar constant is 1372 W m-2 and the distancebetween sun and Earth is 150×106 km.arrow_forwardUnder what conditions can the outer surface of a vertical cylinder be treated as a vertical plate in natural convection calculations?arrow_forward
- Jupiter's exosphere has a temperature of about 780.0 K. What is the thermal speed of hydrogen (in km/s) in Jupiter's exosphere? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kg and Boltzmann's constant is k = 1.38 × 10-23 Joule/Kelvin.arrow_forwardWhat is a dust devil? Would you expect to feel more of a breeze from a dust devil on Mars or on Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Planet Mars Planetary Attribute Albedo Radius Gravitational acceleration Mean distance from sun Surface pressure Symbol a R (km) g (m/s²) D (km) Po (kPa) Earth 0.29 6378 9.8 150 x 106 101 Mars 0.25 3395 3.7 228 x 106 0.6 (a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m². (b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars. (c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).arrow_forward
- One of our neighbours, Mars, has an average solar constant of SM = 589 Wm−2, an albedoof AM 0.24, and a surface temperature of -46◦C. What would its atmospheric emissivity, ϵM,need to be to achieve that surface temperature?arrow_forwardIn the graph from the class handout the inflow of energy from the sun is given as a constant 236 watts per meter squared. To get this figure we used L(1 – a) × 236 W/m², where L = 1350 W/m²is the solar constant, and a = 0.3 is the Earth's albedo (meaning that 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space). The 1/4 comes from averaging the arriving solar energy over the whole Earth (the surface area of the Earth is 4 times the area of the "disk of energy" hitting the Earth.) Using these ideas estimate the inflow of energy to a planet if the solar constant is 647 watts per meter squared and the planet's albedo is 0.5. Round your answer to the near 10 watts per square meter.arrow_forwardUse the heuristic that a planet will have lost a given molecule from its atmosphere of 4.5 Billion years if the average molecular speed exceeds % of the planet's escape speed to calculate what mercury's mass would have to be in order to it to still have a nitrogen atmosphere like earth's? The molecular weight of nitrogen is 28 atomic units.arrow_forward
- The fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev. Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus: Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4 and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv: Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K: ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .arrow_forwardCalculate the energy flux density, Fm , at the average distance of Mars from the Sun, rm , (energy flux divided by surface area of sphere). Mars' distance from the Sun = rm = 2.279 x 1013 cmFm = L /(4prm2) = ________________ ergs/s Next Calcuate the Amount of Solar Energy absorbed by Mars is the surface area of Mars which is facing the Sun (1/2 of Mars' surface area = 4pdm2 / 2 = 2pdm2 ) . Where dm = 3.398 x 106 cm is the radius of Mars. So Mars receives :arrow_forwardThe surface temperatures of both Venus and Earth are warmer than would be expectedon the basis of their respective distances from the Sun. Why is this so?arrow_forward
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