Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Question
Chapter 7, Problem 12QAP
To determine
The span of long term climate cycles.
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(A) We know that Earth's climate has changed throughout its history, What is one
concern with the current warming trend? Explain. (2-4 sentences)
(B) Scientists want to know whether the current warming trend is being driven by
natural forces or human activities. If human activities, then we can do something
about it. Their models suggest which group of factor-natural or anthropogenic-is
most likely responsible for the current warming trend? Explain with reference to the
figure below. (2-4 sentences)
(C) Earth's climate has already warmed approximately 1°C over the past century and
is predicted to warm another 1-4° C over the next century. List and discuss one
potential impact/implication of this continued warming. (2-4 sentences)
Obsenvations
All factors
Arthropogenic facors
-Natural factors
08
04
02
-02
1850
1900
1950
200
Year
Qlobal temperature change ("C)
What do you mean by Natural greenhouse effect and Man made greenhouse effect? Which one is better for sustenance of life on earth? Give any two justifications
QUESTIONS
1.
a) The earth's inner core is just a few hundreds of degrees less than the temperature of the
Sun: about 5200 degrees Celsius versus about 6000 Degrees Celsius. With that much heat
in the centre of the earth, why is it still possible for life to exist on the surface of the
earth?
b) How is the heat in the earth's centre able to melt the outer core but not the inner core?
2). a). Describe the Goldsmith Classification of element.
b). Describe how Goldsmith rules are used to classify Elements.
c). Describe how the bonding types and magma differentiation aids in the distribution of
trace elements in the Earth
Chapter 7 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QAP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Define an isothermal change.arrow_forwardIf the climate sensitivity is 0.9 oC/(W/m2) and a CO2 doubling causes a radiative forcing of 4 W/m2, what is the expected temperature change in oC? Give your answer with 1 digit after the decimal point.arrow_forwardOne of our neighbours, Mars, has an average solar constant of SM = 589 Wm−2, an albedoof AM 0.24, and a surface temperature of -46◦C. What would its atmospheric emissivity, ϵM,need to be to achieve that surface temperature?arrow_forward
- Please answer the following questions as a reply on this Discussion If a material 10 meter in length elongates 10 mm due to increase in temperature, and undergoes further elongation due to continuing increase in temperature, what length does actually elongates, 10 meter or 10.01 meter? Defend your answer. Search entries or author Unreadarrow_forwardIn general what would be the most effective means for making the atmosphere more unstable? Warming the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and cooling the surface. Cooling the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and warming the surface. Warming both the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and the surface. Cooling both the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and the surface.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Planet Mars Planetary Attribute Albedo Radius Gravitational acceleration Mean distance from sun Surface pressure Symbol a R (km) g (m/s²) D (km) Po (kPa) Earth 0.29 6378 9.8 150 x 106 101 Mars 0.25 3395 3.7 228 x 106 0.6 (a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m². (b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars. (c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).arrow_forward
- The temperature at a point 50 km north of a station is 3°C cooler than at the station. If the wind is blowing from the northeast at 20 m s-¹ and the air is being heated by radiation at the rate of 1°C h-¹, what is the local rate of temperature change at the station? [~Holton 2.2]arrow_forwardExplain the process of Thermal Convection.arrow_forwardIn the graph from the class handout the inflow of energy from the sun is given as a constant 236 watts per meter squared. To get this figure we used L(1 – a) × 236 W/m², where L = 1350 W/m²is the solar constant, and a = 0.3 is the Earth's albedo (meaning that 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space). The 1/4 comes from averaging the arriving solar energy over the whole Earth (the surface area of the Earth is 4 times the area of the "disk of energy" hitting the Earth.) Using these ideas estimate the inflow of energy to a planet if the solar constant is 647 watts per meter squared and the planet's albedo is 0.5. Round your answer to the near 10 watts per square meter.arrow_forward
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