Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 7, Problem 10QAP
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The graph shows the changes in global temperatures over time.
Estimated global temperature over the last 500 million years
equatorial Pangea too
hot for peat swamps
Maa
500
450
23 24 25
Mark this and return
400
350
300
250
200
millions of years ago
Cretaceous Hot
Greenhouse
world without polar ice caps
Paleocene-
Eocene
Thermal
Maximum
world with polar ice caps
(Courtesy of NASA)
Which of the following hypotheses is supported by the data analysis?
O Earth's temperature has natural cycles throughout history.
Humans have caused all of Earth's temperature changes
DELL
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100
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In general what would be the most effective means for making the atmosphere more unstable?
Warming the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and cooling the surface.
Cooling the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and warming the surface.
Warming both the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and the surface.
Cooling both the mid-levels (e.g., 500mb level) and the surface.
How long does it take for energy produced in the Sun's core to reach the photosphere?
A. a few seconds
B. a few hours
O C. a few years
D. a few hundred years
E. a few hundred thousand years
Chapter 7 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QAP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QAP
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- How does the Earth's magnetic field work, and what is its role in protecting us from the solar wind?arrow_forwardInfrared radiation gets trapped in our atmosphere by ____ A: Carbon Dioxide B: Methane C: A & B D: The ozone layerarrow_forward62. Pressure of the Photosphere. The gas pressure of the photosphere changes substantially from its upper levels to its lower levels. Near the top of the photosphere, the temperature is about 4500 K and there are about 1.6 x 1016 gas particles per cubic centimeter. In the middle, the temperature is about 5800 K and there are about 1.0 x 10" gas particles per cubic centimeter. At the bottom of the photosphere, the temperature is about 7000 K and there are about 1.5 × 10" gas particles per cubic centimeter. Use the ideal gas law (Mathematical Insight 14.2) to compare the pressures of each of these layers; explain the reason for the trend that you find. How do these gas pressures compare with Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level?arrow_forward
- What is forced convection? How does it differ from natural convection? Is convection caused by winds forced or natural convection?arrow_forwardWhat is the magnetospheric standoff for Earth under a Fast Solar Wind condition? Assume Solar Wind velocity is 750 Km/s, and number density is 3x106m-3arrow_forwardWhy is infrared radiation emitted from earth A) the earth cannot absorb or emit infrared radiation B) the earth emits infrared radiation because of radioactive decay C) the earth can emit infrared radiation because it core D) the earth absorbs radiation from the sunarrow_forward
- In the graph from the class handout the inflow of energy from the sun is given as a constant 236 watts per meter squared. To get this figure we used L(1 – a) × 236 W/m², where L = 1350 W/m²is the solar constant, and a = 0.3 is the Earth's albedo (meaning that 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space). The 1/4 comes from averaging the arriving solar energy over the whole Earth (the surface area of the Earth is 4 times the area of the "disk of energy" hitting the Earth.) Using these ideas estimate the inflow of energy to a planet if the solar constant is 647 watts per meter squared and the planet's albedo is 0.5. Round your answer to the near 10 watts per square meter.arrow_forwardQUESTIONS 1. a) The earth's inner core is just a few hundreds of degrees less than the temperature of the Sun: about 5200 degrees Celsius versus about 6000 Degrees Celsius. With that much heat in the centre of the earth, why is it still possible for life to exist on the surface of the earth? b) How is the heat in the earth's centre able to melt the outer core but not the inner core? 2). a). Describe the Goldsmith Classification of element. b). Describe how Goldsmith rules are used to classify Elements. c). Describe how the bonding types and magma differentiation aids in the distribution of trace elements in the Eartharrow_forwardHydrostatic Equilibrium replies on which of the following to happen? (choose all that apply) Internal pressure from fusion to push out. The outward pull of gravity from the Sun O Gravity to pull inwards. The fusion of Helium into Carbon The start of the CNO Cycle in stars.arrow_forward
- The capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment a. can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. b. indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected. c. indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected. d. indicates that the sun’s core is convective. e. is explained by none of the above.arrow_forwardBecause Venus has a very feeble magnetic field, the solar wind collides with its atmosphere, instead of being deflected by magnetic forces. Suppose that if a solar wind particle strikes the atmosphere of Venus, all its kinetic energy will be absorbed.arrow_forwardWhich of the following incidents will cause the solar constant of a planet to decrease? Select all that apply: a. the planet moves farther from the sun b. the planet’s albedo increases c. the planet’s atmosphere thins d. the sun’s total energy output decreasesarrow_forward
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