Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 7, Problem 32QAP
To determine
The environmental condition due to which camera stopped working.
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Question 2: Planet Mars
Planetary Attribute
Albedo
Radius
Gravitational acceleration
Mean distance from sun
Surface pressure
Symbol
a
R (km)
g (m/s²)
D (km)
Po (kPa)
Earth
0.29
6378
9.8
150 x 106
101
Mars
0.25
3395
3.7
228 x 106
0.6
(a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the
Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m².
(b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a
suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars.
(c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).
A surprisingly large number of people in the world don’t believe that astronauts havewalked on the Moon. They believe the Moon landing to have been a hoax. One argumentthey use is that if there are astronaut footprints on the Moon, we should be able to seethem using a powerful telescope. The fact that we do not, they say, is evidence that theywere never there.The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a NASA robotic spacecraft currently orbitingthe Moon. The LRO gets as close as 35 km to the Moon’s surface. The diameter ofthe camera’s primary mirror is 195 mm. If the camera is sensitive to optical light at awavelength of 600 nm, show that it would not be able to spatially resolve a foot print ofphysical length 30 cm when it is 35 km above the Moon’s surface.Tip: You’ll need to calculate the angular size of the footprint, as seen from a height of35 km. θ = S/D, where S is the physical size of the footprint and D = 35 km, is theangular size of the footprint in radians.
What will be the minimum size of a Martian surface feature resolvable during the 2003 opposition by an Earth-based telescope with an angular resolution of 0.05"?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QAP
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- The spacecraft that have landed on Mars send their information to the Earth via radio waves. How long do these waves take to reach the Earth when (a) Mars is at its closest to the Earth? (b) Mars is farthest from the Earth? This time delay is important for NASA when it sends a spacecraft to Mars.arrow_forwardVoyager 2. When the Voyager 2 spacecraft was approaching towards its Neptune encounter in 1989, it was 4.5 × 10° km away from the earth. Its radio transmitter, with which it communicated with us (and we communicated with it), broadcast with a mere 22 Watt of power at the S-band (2.1 GHz). (Your home wi-fi router emits around 2 Watt at 2.4 GHz wi-fi band). Assuming the Voyager transmitter broadcast equally in all directions, (a) What signal intensity was received on the earth? (b) What electric and magnetic field amplitudes were detected? (c) How many 2.1 GHz photons were arriving per second on a radio-receiver antenna with a circular cross-section of diameter 34 meters? Two counter-propagating plane waves (a) Let E(z, t) = E0 cos(kz – wt)â + E, cos(kz + wt)x. Write E(z, t) in simpler form and find the associated magnetic field. (b) For the fields in part (a), find the instantaneous and time-averaged electric and magnetic field energy densities. (c) Let E(z, t) = E, cos(kz – wt)x + E,…arrow_forwardAn infrared spectrometer on Dawn found something unexpected on Ceres's surface. Its presence suggested that Ceres might have formed farther from the Sun, or been impacted by objects from a more-distant part of the solar system. What was this finding? a The presence of clay-like minerals with ammonia bound up in them. b The infrared spectrum of Ceres's surface is essentially identical to that of most obects in the Kuiper belt. c The fact that Ceres is covered with small dark particles that appear identical to the composition of Uranus's rings d The presence of a thick cloud layer made of sulfuric acid, similar to what is observed at Venusarrow_forward
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