(a)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of ammonium bromide salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Aqueous solution of salt:
The salt is added in water, it will dissolved and generate
Neutral solution:
For the neutral solution, the pH is at 7. In periodic table, group 1 and 2 elements and from other groups those who have +1 charge cations are weak Lewis acids, these hydrated ions does not affect the protons from water. As well as these metal cations are very big, otherwise they may have very small charge to hydrating water molecules to get appreciable polarization effect. These types of cations are called neutral cations because they may not affect the pH of the solution.
The anions from strong acids like halides (except F), nitrates, perchlorates are such weak Lewis bases, so they may not affect the pH of the solution. These anions are called neutral in water.
Acidic solution:
The conjugate acids of weak bases cations make the solution acidic in aqueous medium, because it acts as proton donors. In another case, the metal cations with high charge can act as Lewis acids in aqueous medium solution, even though the cations do not have protons to donate.
Basic solution:
The conjugate bases of weak acids anions make the solution basic in aqueous medium, here, the protons leaves from the negatively charged anions.
(b)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of sodium carbonate salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of potassium fluoride salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of potassium bromide salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of aluminium chloride salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(f)
Interpretation:
The aqueous solution of copper nitrate salt is neutral pH or greater than 7 or less than 7 has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- The simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -CO2H. An amino acid can function as either an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid. CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3. (a) Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH. (b) Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water. (Hint: Consider the relative base strengths of the -NH2 and -CO2- groups.)arrow_forwardWeak base B has a pKb of 6.78 and weak acid HA has a pKa of 5.12. a Which is the stronger base, B or A? b Which is the stronger acid, HA or BH+? c Consider the following reaction: B(aq)+HA(aq)BH+(aq)+A(aq) Based on the information about the acid/base strengths for the species in this reaction, is this reaction favored to proceed more to the right or more to the left? Why? d An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak base B is one half the concentration of its acidic salt, BHCl, where BH+ is the conjugate weak add of B. Calculate the pH of the solution. e An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak acid HA twice the concentration of the sodium salt of the weak acid, NaA. Calculate the pH of the solution. f Assume the conjugate pairs B/BH+ and HA/A are capable of being used as color-based end point indicators in acidbase titrations, where B is the base form indicator and BH is the acid form indicator, and HA is the acid form indicator and A is the base form indicator. Select the indicator pair that would be best to use in each of the following titrations: (1) Titration of a strong acid with a strong base. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/A (2) Titration of a weak base with a strong acid. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/Aarrow_forwardFor conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forward
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