Concept explainers
Look up the lattice energies in Table 6.3, and calculate the energy change in kilojoules per mole for the formation of the following substances from their elements.
(a) LiF(s) (The sublimation energy for Li(s) is +159.4 kJ/mol, the
(b) CaF2(s) [The sublimation energy for Ca(s) is + 178.2 kJ/mol,
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CHEMISTRY-TEXT
- Which of the following reactions represents an electron gain energy that would be positive (i.e. endothermic). O(g) → O+(g) + e- Ne(g) + e- → Ne-(g) O(g) + e- → O-(g) I(g) → I+(g) + e- I(g) + e- → I-(g) Ne(g) → Ne+(g)+ e- fast plzarrow_forwardIn a reaction between water and lithium, 82.14 J of energy was released. The molar enthalpy change with respect to lithium for this reaction is +59.00 kJ/mol Li. What mass of Li reacted?arrow_forwardPotassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compoundpotassium hydride. (a) Write a balanced equation for thisreaction. (b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determinethe energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:K(g) + H(g) ----> K+(g) + H-(g)K(g) + H(g) ------>K-(g) + H+(g)(c) Based on your calculated energy changes in (b), which ofthese reactions is energetically more favorable (or less unfavorable)?(d) Is your answer to (c) consistent with the descriptionof potassium hydride as containing hydride ions?arrow_forward
- Given the following information, construct a Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of CrCl₂I(s): Net energy change for the formation of CrCl₂I(s) = -420 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy for I2(g) = +243 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy for Cl2(g) for Cl2(g) for 12(g) = +151 kJ/mol Heat of sublimation for I2(s) = +62 kJ/mol Heat of sublimation for Cr(s) = +397 kJ/mol = E₁₁ for Cr(g) = 652 kJ/mol E₁₂ for Cr(g) == 1588 kJ/mol E₁3 for Cr(g) = 2882 kJ/mol Eea for Cl(g)=-349 kJ/mol === Eea for I(g) = -295 kJ/molarrow_forwardArrange the following sets of ions in order of decreasing ionic radii. (a) Br,I, S² , Se²- (b) Ba2+, Ca?+ Sr²+arrow_forwardArrange the following sets of ions in order of decreasing ionic radii. (a) Br, Cl¯, O², s²- 02 Br > Cl- (b) Cs+, Fr+, Rb+ Fr+ Rb+ Cs+arrow_forward
- (ii) Draw the Born-Haber cycle and use the data below for the formation of calcium chloride, to calculate the electron affinity of chlorine: Ca(s) → Ca(g) AHat = +190 kJ/mol Ca(g) > Caz*(g) + 2e¨ AH¡ɛ = +1730 kJ/mol Cl2{g) 2C1(g) AHat = +121 kJ/mol Caz (g) + 2Cl(g) > CaCl2(s) AHLE = -2184 kJ/mol Ca(s) + Cl2(g) –> CaCl2(s) AH; = -795 kJ/molarrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and Srarrow_forwardConside following data for yttrium: atomic mass 88.906 electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 29.6 Y 1.22 600. 11.4 g mol kJ mol kJ mol You may find additional useful data in the ALEKS Data tab. + (2) Y (g) →Y (g) + e kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Y(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no kJ/mol release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no П kJ/molarrow_forward
- Draw the Born-Haber cycle and use the data below for the formation of calcium chloride, to (ii) calculate the electron affinity of chlorine: DHat = +190 kJ/mol Ca(s) Ca(g) Ca2* (9) 2е- DHJE = +1730 kJ/mol + Ca(g) 2Clg) DHat = +121 kJ/mol Cl2(g) CaCl2(s) DHLE = -2184 kJ/mol Ca2+, 2Cl (g) + *(9) CaCl2(s) DHF = -795 kJ/mol Ca(s) + Cl2(g)arrow_forward2. The ionization energy of an element is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an individual atom. The following table gives the ionization energy (in units of kilojoules per mole) for five metals, listed in alphabetical order. Locate each of these metals on the periodic table and arrange them in order of rows and columns as in the periodic table. (a) Describe the periodic trend in the ionization energy of elements within a group. (b) Describe the periodic trend in the ionization energy of elements across a period. Metal Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Strontium Ionization Energy 590 738 419 496 549 Materialsarrow_forwardConsider the following data for indium: atomic mass electronegativity ionization energy 114.82 electron affinity 28.9 heat of fusion 1.78 558.3 mol 3.26 kJ mol kJ mol kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) In (g) + e In* (g) Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (2) In (g) + e In (g) Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no ☐kJ/mol O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/molarrow_forward
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax