Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The curved arrow notation is to be drawn for the proton transfer between ammonium ion
Concept introduction:
In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted–Lowry acid ( proton donor) to a Bronsted–Lowry base (proton acceptor) in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. Each double-barbed curved arrow shows the movement of two valence electrons. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is,
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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- Classify each of the following as a strong or weak acid or base. a NH3 b HCNO c Mg(OH)2 d HClO3arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is true? A) A solution with a pOH of 12.50 will have a higher concentration of hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. B) A solution with a pOH of 1.50 is very acidic. C) A solution with a pH of 7.50 is only slightly acidic. D)A solution with a pOH of 13.50 is very basic.arrow_forwardAcidity of a solution is determined by the concentration H of hydrogen ions in the solution (measured in moles per liter of solution). Chemists use the negative of the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions to define the pH scale, as shown in the following formula. pH = -log (H) Lower pH values indicate a more acidic solution. (a) Normal rain has a pH value of 5.6. Rain in the eastern United States often has a pH level of 3.8. How much more acidic is this than normal rain? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) 63.10 times as acidic as normal rain (b) If the pH of water in a lake falls below a value of 5, fish often fail to reproduce. How much more acidic is this than normal water with a pH of 5.6? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) * times as acidic as normal waterarrow_forward
- Acidity of a solution is determined by the concentration H of hydrogen ions in the solution (measured in moles per liter of solution). Chemists use the negative of the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions to define the pH scale, as shown in the following formula. pH = - log (H) Lower pH values indicate a more acidic solution. (a) Normal rain has a pH value of 5.6. Rain in the eastern United States often has a pH level of 3.8. How much more acidic is this than normal rain? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) times as acidic as normal rain(b) If the pH of water in a lake falls below a value of 5, fish often fail to reproduce. How much more acidic is this than normal water with a pH of 5.6? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) times as acidic as normal waterarrow_forwardAcidity of a solution is determined by the concentration H of hydrogen ions in the solution (measured in moles per liter of solution). Chemists use the negative of the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions to define the pH scale, as shown in the following formula. pH = - log (H) Lower pH values indicate a more acidic solution. (a) Normal rain has a pH value of 5.6. Rain in the eastern United States often has a pH level of 3.8. How much more acidic is this than normal rain? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) (b) If the pH of water in a lake falls below a value of 5, fish often fail to reproduce. How much more acidic is this than normal water with a pH of 5.6? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)arrow_forwardThe cyanide anion, CN-, is a stronger base than ammonium ion, NH3. When hydrocyanic acid reacts with ammonia, NH3, what species are present in the solution in the largest amount?arrow_forward
- Complete the following word equation, write the formula equation and identify the acid, base, and conjugate acid-base. Bicarbonate ion + sulfide ion Oxalate ion + acetic acidarrow_forwardCan you help me understand this? I dont understand how this works. Thanks! - Describe the variation of the acid strength for the hydrogen halide series and explain which one is the strongest and weakest (arrange them in increasing acid strength). HIO, HIO2, HIO3, HIO4 HF, HCl, HBr, HIarrow_forwardDetermine the pH of each of the following solutions. Ka and Kb values are given in the following table: Hydrazine (H2NNH2 ) Kb=1.3×10−6 Hydroxylamine ( HONH2 ) Ka=1.1×10−8 0.0084 M hydrazine 0.168 M hydroxylaminearrow_forward
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