Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073401331
Author: William Navidi Prof.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5.7, Problem 3E
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a measure of the rate that water crosses the skin through diffusion and evaporation. In general, damaged skin has a higher TEWL than nondamaged skin. A report submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Therapeutic Equivalence of Topical Products, A. Bunge, B. N’Dri-Stempfer, et al., 2007) described an experiment in which the outer layer of skin on a small area of the forearm was partially removed in order to measure the concentration of a certain drug. TEWL (in g/m2 per hour) was measured both before and after skin removal. The results for 10 individuals were as follows.
| Subject | Before | After |
| 1 | 18 | 27 |
| 2 | 12 | 19 |
| 3 | 14 | 19 |
| 4 | 11 | 20 |
| 5 | 12 | 22 |
| 6 | 17 | 26 |
| 7 | 16 | 18 |
| 8 | 18 | 26 |
| 9 | 14 | 22 |
| 10 | 14 | 24 |
Find a 98% confidence for the increase in TEWL.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Overproduction of uric acid in the body can be an indication of cell breakdown. This may be an advance indication of illness such as gout, leukemia, or lymphoma. Over a period of months, and adult male patient has taken 13 blood test for uric acid. The main concentration was X=5.41 mg/dl. The distribution of uric acid and healthy adult meals can be assumed to be normal, with o=1.81 mg/dl. find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean concentration of uric acid in the patient's blood. What is the margin of error? (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
lower limit=
upper limit=
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a measure of the rate that water crosses the skin
through diffusion and evaporation. In general, damaged skin has a higher TEWL than
nondamaged skin. A report submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(Therapeutic Equivalence of Topical Products, A. Bunge, B. N'Dri-Stempfer, et
al., 2007) described an experiment in which the outer layer of skin on a small area of the
foream was partially removed in order to measure the concentration of a certain drug.
TEWL (in g/m? per hour) was measured both before and after skin removal. The results for
10 individuals were as follows.
Subject
Before
After
18
27
2
12
19
3
14
19
4
11
20
5
12
22
17
26
16
18
8
18
26
14
22
10
14
24
Find a 98% confidence for the increase in TEWL.
The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is an important aspect of treatment of leachate at
landfill sites. The rate of removal (in percent per day) is recorded for several days for each
of several treatment methods. The results are presented in the following table. (Based on the
article "Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Landfill Leachate by Irrigation onto
Vegetated Treatment Planes," S. Tyrrel, P. Leeds-Harrison, and K. Harrison, Water
Research, 2002:291–299.)
Treatment
Rate of Removal
5.21
4.65
5.59
2.69
7.57
5.16
6.24
5.94
6.41
6.85
9.18
4.94
4.04
3.29
4.52
3.75
Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value.
Can you conclude that the treatment methods differ in their rates of removal?
a.
b.
ABCAE
Chapter 5 Solutions
Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
Ch. 5.1 - Find the value of Z/2 to use in expression (5.1)...Ch. 5.1 - Find the levels of the confidence intervals that...Ch. 5.1 - As the confidence level goes up, the reliability...Ch. 5.1 - The article Modeling Arterial Signal Optimization...Ch. 5.1 - In a sample of 100 steel wires the average...Ch. 5.1 - The article Application of Surgical Navigation to...Ch. 5.1 - The capacities (in ampere-hours) were measured for...Ch. 5.1 - Oven thermostats were tested by setting them to...Ch. 5.1 - In a sample of 80 ten-penny nails, the average...Ch. 5.1 - In a sample of 60 electric motors, the average...
Ch. 5.1 - The sugar content in a one-cup serving of a...Ch. 5.1 - Refer to Exercise 5. a. Find a 95% lower...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 5.1 - Refer to Exercise 9. a. Find a 90% upper...Ch. 5.1 - Refer to Exercise 10. a. Find a 98% lower...Ch. 5.1 - Refer to Exercise 11. a. Find a 95% upper...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 5.1 - A 95% confidence interval for a population mean is...Ch. 5.1 - Based on a large sample of capacitors of a certain...Ch. 5.1 - Sixty-four independent measurements were made of...Ch. 5.1 - A large box contains 10,000 ball bearings. A...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 5.2 - In a simple random sample of 70 automobiles...Ch. 5.2 - During a recent drought, a water utility in a...Ch. 5.2 - A soft-drink manufacturer purchases aluminum cans...Ch. 5.2 - The article HIV-positive Smokers Considering...Ch. 5.2 - The article The Functional Outcomes of Total Knee...Ch. 5.2 - Refer to Exercise 1. Find a 95% lower confidence...Ch. 5.2 - Refer to Exercise 2. Find a 98% upper confidence...Ch. 5.2 - Refer to Exercise 4. Find a 99% lower confidence...Ch. 5.2 - A random sample of 400 electronic components...Ch. 5.2 - Refer to Exercise 9. A device will be manufactured...Ch. 5.2 - When the light turns yellow, should you stop or go...Ch. 5.2 - In a random sample of 150 customers of a...Ch. 5.2 - A sociologist is interested in surveying workers...Ch. 5.2 - Stainless steels can be susceptible to stress...Ch. 5.2 - The article A Music Key Detection Method Based on...Ch. 5.2 - A stock market analyst notices that in a certain...Ch. 5.3 - Find the value of tn1,/2 needed to construct a...Ch. 5.3 - Find the value of tn1, needed to construct an...Ch. 5.3 - Find the level of a two-sided confidence interval...Ch. 5.3 - True or false: The Students t distribution may be...Ch. 5.3 - The article Wind-Uplift Capacity of Residential...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.3 - The article An Automatic Visual System for Marble...Ch. 5.3 - A chemist made eight independent measurements of...Ch. 5.3 - Six measurements are taken of the thickness of a...Ch. 5.3 - Fission tracks are trails found in uranium-bearing...Ch. 5.3 - The article Effect of Granular Subbase Thickness...Ch. 5.3 - The article Influence of Penetration Rate on...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 5.3 - The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in a gas...Ch. 5.3 - The article Filtration Rates of the Zebra Mussel...Ch. 5.4 - To study the effect of curing temperature on shear...Ch. 5.4 - The article Some Parameters of the Population...Ch. 5.4 - The article Inconsistent Health Perceptions for US...Ch. 5.4 - The article Hatching Distribution of Eggs Varying...Ch. 5.4 - The article Automatic Filtering of Outliers in RR...Ch. 5.4 - A group of 78 people enrolled in a weight-loss...Ch. 5.4 - In experiments to determine the effectiveness of...Ch. 5.4 - A stress analysis was conducted on random samples...Ch. 5.4 - In a study to compare two different corrosion...Ch. 5.4 - An electrical engineer wishes to compare the mean...Ch. 5.4 - In a study of the effect of cooling rate on the...Ch. 5.4 - Refer to Exercise 11. Ten more welds will be made...Ch. 5.4 - The article The Prevalence of Daytime Napping and...Ch. 5.4 - The article Occurrence and Distribution of...Ch. 5.5 - In a test of the effect of dampness on electric...Ch. 5.5 - The specification for the pull strength of a wire...Ch. 5.5 - Angioplasty is a medical procedure in which an...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.5 - In a study of contamination at landfills...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5.5 - A mobile computer network consists of a number of...Ch. 5.5 - The article Evaluation of Criteria for Setting...Ch. 5.5 - In a certain year, there were 80 days with...Ch. 5.6 - In a study comparing various methods of gold...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 5.6 - In an experiment involving the breaking strength...Ch. 5.6 - A new post-surgical treatment is being compared...Ch. 5.6 - The article Differences in Susceptibilities of...Ch. 5.6 - The article Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness...Ch. 5.6 - During the spring of 1999, many fuel storage...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 5.6 - The article Toward a Lifespan Metric of Reading...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 5.6 - Measurements of the sodium content in samples of...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 5.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.6 - In the article Bactericidal Properties of Flat...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 5.7 - The article Simulation of the Hot Carbonate...Ch. 5.7 - The article Effect of Refrigeration on the...Ch. 5.7 - Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a measure of...Ch. 5.7 - Breathing rates, in breaths per minute, were...Ch. 5.7 - A group of five individuals with high blood...Ch. 5.7 - A sample of 10 diesel trucks were run both hot and...Ch. 5.7 - For a sample of nine automobiles, the mileage (in...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 8ECh. 5.7 - Prob. 9ECh. 5.7 - Prob. 10ECh. 5.8 - Find the following values. a. 12,.0252 b. 12,.9752...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 2ECh. 5.8 - Construct a 99% confidence interval for the...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 4ECh. 5.8 - Scores on an IQ test are normally distributed. A...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.8 - Boxes of cereal are labeled as containing 14...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 8ECh. 5.8 - Following are interest rates (annual percentage...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 10ECh. 5.8 - Prob. 11ECh. 5.8 - Prob. 12ECh. 5.9 - A sample of 25 resistors, each labeled 100, had an...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 2ECh. 5.9 - The article Ozone for Removal of Acute Toxicity...Ch. 5.9 - Six measurements were made of the concentration...Ch. 5.9 - Five measurements are taken of the octane rating...Ch. 5 - A molecular biologist is studying the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2SECh. 5 - The article Genetically Based Tolerance to...Ch. 5 - A sample of 87 glass sheets has a mean thickness...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5SECh. 5 - Prob. 6SECh. 5 - Leakage from underground fuel tanks has been a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8SECh. 5 - Prob. 9SECh. 5 - Prob. 10SECh. 5 - In the article Groundwater Electromagnetic Imaging...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12SECh. 5 - Prob. 13SECh. 5 - Prob. 14SECh. 5 - A metallurgist makes several measurements of the...Ch. 5 - In a study of the lifetimes of electronic...Ch. 5 - The temperature of a certain solution is estimated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18SECh. 5 - Prob. 19SECh. 5 - The answer to Exercise 19 part (d) is needed for...Ch. 5 - The carbon content (in ppm) was measured for each...Ch. 5 - Diameters, in mm, were measured for eight...Ch. 5 - A sample of eight repair records for a certain...Ch. 5 - Prob. 25SE
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Empirical versus Theoretical A Monopoly player claims that the probability of getting a 4 when rolling a six-si...
Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Compare and contrast the nonscientific methods for knowing or acquiring knowledge (tenacity, intuition, authori...
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
In a test of the quality of two television commercials, each commercial was shown in a separate test area six t...
Statistics for Business & Economics, Revised (MindTap Course List)
c
Solve.
70. Copy Center Account. Rachel’s copy-center bill for July was $327. She made a payment of $200 and t...
Developmental Mathematics (9th Edition)
(a) For each data set, find the mean, median, and mode. (b) Discuss anything about the data that affects the us...
APPLIED STAT.IN BUS.+ECONOMICS
2.18 Graph the relative frequency histogram for the 500 measurements summarized in the accompanying relative fr...
Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Foot ulcers are a common problem for people with diabetes. Higher skin temperatures on the foot indicate an increased risk of ulcers. The article "An Intelligent Insole for Diabetic Patients with the Loss of Protective Sensation" (Kimberly Anderson, M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines), reports measurements of temperatures, in °F, of both feet for 181 diabetic patients. The results are presented in the following table. Left Foot Right Foot 80 80 85 85 75 80 88 86 89 87 87 82 78 78 88 89 89 90 76 81 89 86 87 82 78 78 80 81 87 82 86 85 76 80 88 89 Construct a scatterplot of the right foot temperature (y) versus the left foot temperature (x). Verify that a linear model is appropriate. b. Compute the least-squares line for predicting the right foot temperature from the left foot temperature. If the left foot temperatures of two patients differ by 2 degrees, by how much would you predict their right foot temperatures to differ? Predict the right foot temperature for a patient whose left…arrow_forwardThe depth of wetting of a soil is the depth to which water content will increase owing to extemal factors. The article "Discussion of Method for Evaluation of Depth of Wetting in Residential Areas" (J. Nelson, K. Chao, and D. Overton, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2011:293-296) discusses the relationship between depth of wetting beneath a structure and the age of the structure. The article presents measurements of depth of wetting, in meters, and the ages, in years, of 21 houses, as shown in the following table. Age Depth 7.6 4 4.6 6.1 9.1 3 4.3 7.3 5.2 10.4 15.5 5.8 10.7 4 5.5 6.1 10.7 10.4 4.6 7.0 6.1 14 16.8 10 9.1 8.8 Compute the least-squares line for predicting depth of wetting (y) from age (x). b. Identify a point with an unusually large x-value. Compute the least-squares line that results from deletion of this point. Identify another point which can be classified as an outlier. Compute the least-squares line that results from deletion of the outlier,…arrow_forwardA study was conducted to examine the effect of diet cola consumption on calcium levels in women. A sample of 16 healthy women aged 18 to 40 were randomly assigned to drink 24 ounces of either diet cola or water. Their urine was collected for three hours after ingestion of the beverage and calcium excretion (in mg) was measured. The data are stored in ColaCalcium.arrow_forward
- Is Your Nose Getting Bigger?Next time you see an elderly man, check out his nose and ears! While most parts of the human body stop growing as we reach adulthood, studies show that noses and ears continue to grow larger throughout our lifetime. In one study1 examining noses, researchers report "Age significantly influenced all analyzed measurements:" including volume, surface area, height, and width of noses. In a test to see whether males, on average, have bigger noses than females, the study indicates that "p<0.01."Let group 1 be males and group 2 be females.1Sforza C, Grandi G, De Menezes M, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF, "Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human external nose", Forensic Science International, 2011 Jan 30;204(1-3):205.e1-9. (a) State the hypotheses. Your answer should be an expression composed of symbols: =,≠,<,>,μ,μ1,μ2,p,p1,p2,ρ,p^,p^1,p^2,r. H0: vs Ha:Editarrow_forwardIs Your Nose Getting Bigger?Next time you see an elderly man, check out his nose and ears! While most parts of the human body stop growing as we reach adulthood, studies show that noses and ears continue to grow larger throughout our lifetime. In one study1 examining noses, researchers report "Age significantly influenced all analyzed measurements:" including volume, surface area, height, and width of noses. In a test to see whether males, on average, have bigger noses than females, the study indicates that "p<0.01."Let group 1 be males and group 2 be females.(a) State the hypotheses. Your answer should be an expression composed of symbols H0:_ vs Ha:_ (c) Interpret the conclusion in context. -We have evidence that males have bigger noses than females, on average. -We do not have evidence that males have bigger noses than females, on average. -We have evidence that males and females have the same size noses, on average. -We do not have evidence that males and females have the same…arrow_forwardA horse is fed 19.1 pounds per day of hay (AF basis), and excretes 20.6 pounds per day of feces (as is) and 9.5 pounds per day of urine (wet). Lab analysis shows that the hay contains 91.2% DM and 59.1% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a DM basis, and the feces contains 30.4% DM and 52.9% NDF on a DM basis. What is the percent NDF digestibility of the hay? You Answered Correct Answer 67.82 margin of error 0.5arrow_forward
- In a cohort of 5,000 individuals, ages 40-50 years of age, blood samples were collected at baseline and stored for future analysis. After five years of study, Vitamin D levels were determined among those who developed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and those who did not develop MS. The following results were observed. Serum Level of Vitamin D Healthy Incident Cases of MS Entire Cohort Individuals Above 40 ng per ml 1998 2000 20-40 ng per ml 4 1996 2000 Below 20 ng per ml 4 996 1000 If Vitamin D assays cost $20 per specimen, what is the total cost of these assays in the cohort study O $ 100.000 O $ 50,000 O $ 10,000 O $ 20,000 2.arrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.4 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.2 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.9 10.1 9.9 12.3 10.7 8.8 10.2 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.4 10.4 9.3 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.9 8.3 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.2 104 8.9 96.4 8.9 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.4 97.1 12.4 172.6 9.2 146.3 9.5 99 8.4 122.3 8.8 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…arrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.2 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.7 10.1 9.7 12.3 10.8 8.8 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.2 10.4 9.4 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.7 8.4 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.3 104 8.7 96.4 8.7 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.2 97.1 12.2 172.6 9.3 146.3 9.5 99 8.2 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if there…arrow_forward
- A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.3 9.1 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.8 10.1 9.8 12.3 10.6 8.8 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.9 11.3 10.4 9.2 11.6 10.7 10.9 10.8 8.2 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.4 104 8.8 96.4 8.8 89 10.1 88 9.7 103.8 8.7 147.3 10.3 97.1 12.3 172.6 9.4 146.3 9.5 99 8.3 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…arrow_forwardCaptopril is a drug designed to lower systolic blood pressure. When subjects were treated with this drug, their systolic blood pressure readings (in mm Hg) were measured before and after the drug was taken. Results are given in the accompanying table (based on data from “Essential Hypertension: Effect of an Oral Inhibitor of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme”, by MacGregor et al., BMJ, Vol. 2). Using a 0.01 significance level, is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that captopril has an effect on systolic blood pressure? i) Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to conduct the required test without using "wilcox.test" function in R. Please state the hypothesis, provide the p-value, and the conclusion in the context of the problem. ii) Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to conduct the required test using "wilcox.test" function in R. Please present a screenshot of the R output of your call to the function wilcox.test. iii) Would you recommend the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test over the…arrow_forwardRosner analyzed data from children who lived near a lead smelter (which is a facility that uses extreme heat to extract the metal lead from lead ore) in El Paso, Texas, and reported that out of 124 children studied, 23 developed colic (which is a pattern of fussiness and crying for no apparent reason). Suppose that in the state of Taxes in general at the time (early 1980s), the rate of colic in children was 16.0%. Follow the steps for testing whether the proportion of children developing clico was significantly different for the 124 children living near the lead smelter than for Taxes children in general (16%). Use alpha level of 0.03 a. Identify the null hypothesis for this statistical test. b. Identify the alternative hypotheses for this statistical test. c. Explain: Why should this be a two-tailed test, the way I have described it? d. calculate the sample proportion p̂, rounded to three decimal places. e. Calculate the appropriate test statistic, show all work. f. Based on…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Calculus For The Life SciencesCalculusISBN:9780321964038Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,
Calculus For The Life Sciences
Calculus
ISBN:9780321964038
Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.
Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,
Hypothesis Testing - Solving Problems With Proportions; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76VruarGn2Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals (FRM Part 1 – Book 2 – Chapter 5); Author: Analystprep;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vth3yZIUlGQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY