Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 8TYK
Most food chains have only three to five links. The number of links in a food chain is limited by
- a. trophic efficiency.
- b. production efficiency.
- c. gross primary production.
- d. net ecosystem production.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem?
A.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
B.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
C.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer.
D.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.
Which of the following is true about the length of food chains?
a. Food chains can support up to 10 trophic levels.
b. Food chains are shorter in stable habitats.
c. Energy lost as heat at each trophic level limits the length of food chains.
O d. The extinction of a species in a food chain will affect only the species directly preying upon it.
e. An ecosystem with a high-enough number of species will feature a limitless length of food chain.
In an inverted trophic pyramid,
biomass is present in the secondary carnivores than in the primary producers. Compared to terrestrial systems, aquatic systems are
likely to feature inverted pyramids.
A. more; much more
B. more; about as
C. more; much less
D. less; much more
E. less; much less
Chapter 55 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 55 - What may happen if the input of a mineral nutrient...Ch. 55 - Compare the movement of energy and chemical...Ch. 55 - a. List some ecosystems with high primary...Ch. 55 - a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes...Ch. 55 - What is the biological importance of water,...Ch. 55 - a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle...Ch. 55 - Contrast bioremediation and biological...Ch. 55 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 55 - What is secondary production? How does it relate...Ch. 55 - What processes mediate the interconversion of the...
Ch. 55 - The inefficiency of energy transformations is...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements about ecosystems...Ch. 55 - Primary production is a. equal to the standing...Ch. 55 - The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the...Ch. 55 - Production in terrestrial ecosystems is affected...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements concerning net...Ch. 55 - Secondary production is a. measured by the...Ch. 55 - Most food chains have only three to five links....Ch. 55 - Some authors have suggested that humans world-wide...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms would you predict...Ch. 55 - If a bird eats seeds with an energy content of 400...Ch. 55 - Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a....Ch. 55 - The atmosphere is the main reservoir for a. water...Ch. 55 - Which of these processes is incorrectly paired...Ch. 55 - Clear-cutting tropical forests yields agricultural...Ch. 55 - Plants, prokaryotes, and fungi are useful in...Ch. 55 - Which of the following actions is an example of...
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- In the English Channel ecosystem, the number of primary producers is smaller than the number of primary consumers because________. a. the apex consumers have a low turnover rate b. the primary producers have a low turnover rate c. the primary producers have a high turnover rate d. the primary consumers have a high turnover ratearrow_forwardEcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardIn the following food chain, what biomass of phytoplankton will have been required to produce a 1 kg of big fish? Assume a typical figure for ecological efficiency. Phytoplankton eaten by Zooplankton eaten by Small fish eaten by Big fish A. 10 kg B. 10000 kg (10 metric tons) C. 100000 kg (100 metric tons) D. 100 kg E. 1000 kg (1 metric ton)arrow_forward
- A more complete way of looking at the interaction between different species and energy transfer is A. thermodynamics B. menus C. food web D. food chainarrow_forwardWhich of the following represents a grazing food chain?a. leaves → detritus feeders → deer → owlsb. birds → mice → snakesc. nuts → leaf-eating insects → chipmunks → hawksd. leaves → leaf-eating insects → mice → snakesarrow_forwardThe number of carnivores found at the top of an ecological pyramid is limited by thea. number of organisms above the top carnivores.b. number of trophic levels below the producers.c. biomass of the decomposers.d. amount of energy transferred to the top carnivores.arrow_forward
- The process of certain elements through different trophic levels is also called A. food chain B. biodiversity C. biogeochemical cyclingarrow_forwardOn the basis of respiratory losses, arrange the producers (A), herbivores (B), top carnivores (C) and secondary consumers (D) in descending order and choose the correct option. C>D> B> A B> C> A> D A>B>D> C B>D> C> Aarrow_forwardIf 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy were contained in the primary producers (trophic level 1; the bottom of the food pyramid), on average how many kcal of energy would you expect to be transferred to second-order consumers (trophic level 3)? Select one: a. 10 kcal × b. 1 kcal c. 10,000 kcal d. 1,000 kcal е. 100 kcal O O Oarrow_forward
- You're studying two lakes in neighboring valleys in the Cascades. One lake has a food web with three trophic levels, and the other has a food web with five trophic levels. Which of the following is most likely true about these lakes? a. The lake with the longer food web likely has lower concentrations of nutrients like phosphorus. O b. The lake with the longer food web is more resilient to disturbances like a heat wave that stresses small fish (the middle trophic levels). C. Based on principles of trophic transfer, the lake with the longer food web should have higher net primary production. d. Based on principles of trophic transfer, the lake with the longer food web should have lower net primary production.arrow_forwardThe direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents... A E O B) direction of movement of matter O Both B and C O A, B, and C O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer O C) direction of movement of energy O Both A and Carrow_forwardThe total amount of energy taken up by producers through photosynthesis in an ecosystem is known as...? Group of answer choices a. evaporation b. net primary production c. standing crop d. nutrient limitation e. gross primary productionarrow_forward
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Energy flow in ecosystem; Author: MooMooMath and Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jBV9vJmXZI;License: Standard youtube license