Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 12TYK
Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements
- a. that are found in the atmosphere.
- b. that are found mainly in the soil.
- c. such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
- d. Both a and c are correct.
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Which of the following approaches would be the most effective way to reduce greenhouse carbon dioxide? a. Increase waste deposition into the deep ocean. b. Plant more environmentally-suitable plants. c. Increase use of fuel sources that do not produce carbon dioxide as a by-product. d. Decrease livestock agriculture.
Nitrogen is fixed in ecosystems in ways stated below. Which one of the statements below is false?
A.
By cyanobacteria
B.
By electrical discharges in the atmosphere
C.
By industrially synthesised fertilizer
D.
By denitrification
Chemical fertilizers:
a. supplement carbon fixation by crops.
b. cause eutrophication.
c. provide additional nitrogen for crops.
d. provide additional phosphorous for crops.
e. Only b. c. and d.
Chapter 55 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 55 - What may happen if the input of a mineral nutrient...Ch. 55 - Compare the movement of energy and chemical...Ch. 55 - a. List some ecosystems with high primary...Ch. 55 - a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes...Ch. 55 - What is the biological importance of water,...Ch. 55 - a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle...Ch. 55 - Contrast bioremediation and biological...Ch. 55 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 55 - What is secondary production? How does it relate...Ch. 55 - What processes mediate the interconversion of the...
Ch. 55 - The inefficiency of energy transformations is...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements about ecosystems...Ch. 55 - Primary production is a. equal to the standing...Ch. 55 - The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the...Ch. 55 - Production in terrestrial ecosystems is affected...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements concerning net...Ch. 55 - Secondary production is a. measured by the...Ch. 55 - Most food chains have only three to five links....Ch. 55 - Some authors have suggested that humans world-wide...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms would you predict...Ch. 55 - If a bird eats seeds with an energy content of 400...Ch. 55 - Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a....Ch. 55 - The atmosphere is the main reservoir for a. water...Ch. 55 - Which of these processes is incorrectly paired...Ch. 55 - Clear-cutting tropical forests yields agricultural...Ch. 55 - Plants, prokaryotes, and fungi are useful in...Ch. 55 - Which of the following actions is an example of...
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- Eutrophication in water bodies can lead to the formation of dead zones due to a depletion of a. oxygen. b. carbon. c. nitrogen. d. decomposers. e. phosphorus.arrow_forwardWhich biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous component but cycles from the land to sediments in the ocean and back to the land? (a) carbon cycle (b) nitrogen cycle (c) phosphorus cycle (d) hydrologic cycle (e) neither a nor c has a gaseous componentarrow_forwardBiological magnification occurs whena. pollutants increase in concentration in tissues at higher trophic levels.b. the effect of a pollutant is magnified by chemical interactions within organisms.c. an organism is placed under a dissecting scope.d. a pollutant has a greater than expected effect once ingested by an organism.arrow_forward
- Flux of anthropogenic Phosphorous from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems can have negative effects, such as A. Eutrophication B. Ocean acidification C. Acid rain D. Both A and C E. A, B and Carrow_forwardUse of synthetic fertilizers often leads to the contamination of groundwater with nitrates. Nitrate pollution is also a suspected cause of anoxic "dead zones" in the ocean. Which of the following processes is most likely to help reduce nitrate pollution? A. adding methanogens to the soil B. adding nitrifying bacteria to the soil C. adding denitrifying bacteria to the soil D. using ammonia instead of nitrate as a fertilizerarrow_forwardNitrogen availability is a limiting factor in crop production. * D. Disagree, because atmospheric nitrogen is about 80% and therefore nitrogen is readily available. A. Agree, because almost 80% of the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is readily available. C. Agree, because atmospheric nitrogen must first be reduced to ammonia through N-fixation. B. Disagree, because only a small fraction of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas.arrow_forward
- Which of the following factors would explain why there is a decreasing trend of microbial population from top to bottom? A. There is a shift in the condition form oxic to anoxic. B. All statements are acceptable. C. The soil particles become larger and not weathered. D. There is a decrease in the available nutrients.arrow_forwardPlant growth is most likely to be limited by the available supply of usable: a. nitrogenb. carbonc. oxygend. phosphorusarrow_forwardAnthropogenic activities have increased the amount of biologically-active nitrogen in ecosystems by: O a, b, and c are correct O both b and c are correct a. burning fossil fuels c. using industrial processes to create nitrogen fertilizer by fixing atmospheric nitrogen O b. planting clover, soybeans, and other nitrogen-fixing cropsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4 +). b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrogen gas (N2). c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrites (NO2 −). d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forwardwhat organism would be most affected by a blightr that eliminates all plant material from an ecosystem? a. hetertrophic marine decomposers b. hetertrophic soil decomposers c. chemolithoautotrophs d. oxygenic microbial phototreophs e.anoxygenic microbial phototreophsarrow_forwardGive the importance of the a) water cycle b) nitrogen cyclearrow_forward
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