Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 55, Problem 4IQ
- a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes than for birds and mammals?
- b. Assuming a 10% trophic efficiency (transfer of energy to the next trophic level), approximately what proportion of the chemical energy produced by photosynthesis in an ecosystem makes it to a tertiary consumer?
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Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93, 000 kilocalories of plant tissue.
Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain?
(A
930 kilocalories
B)
9, 300 kilocalories
93, 000 kilocalories
D)
930, 000 kilocalories
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Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem?
A.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
B.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer.
C.
If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer.
D.
If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.
Availability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels.Why?
Chapter 55 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 55 - What may happen if the input of a mineral nutrient...Ch. 55 - Compare the movement of energy and chemical...Ch. 55 - a. List some ecosystems with high primary...Ch. 55 - a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes...Ch. 55 - What is the biological importance of water,...Ch. 55 - a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle...Ch. 55 - Contrast bioremediation and biological...Ch. 55 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 55 - What is secondary production? How does it relate...Ch. 55 - What processes mediate the interconversion of the...
Ch. 55 - The inefficiency of energy transformations is...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements about ecosystems...Ch. 55 - Primary production is a. equal to the standing...Ch. 55 - The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the...Ch. 55 - Production in terrestrial ecosystems is affected...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements concerning net...Ch. 55 - Secondary production is a. measured by the...Ch. 55 - Most food chains have only three to five links....Ch. 55 - Some authors have suggested that humans world-wide...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms would you predict...Ch. 55 - If a bird eats seeds with an energy content of 400...Ch. 55 - Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a....Ch. 55 - The atmosphere is the main reservoir for a. water...Ch. 55 - Which of these processes is incorrectly paired...Ch. 55 - Clear-cutting tropical forests yields agricultural...Ch. 55 - Plants, prokaryotes, and fungi are useful in...Ch. 55 - Which of the following actions is an example of...
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- Availability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels. Why?arrow_forwardHypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column. Answer the following questions: Discuss how the food chain works. Where does each trophic component or level get its energy (food) from? What is the ultimate source of energy for all components of the food chain? Which component got the highest amount of available energy/individual? Why do members of this component need the most energy?arrow_forwardThe average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forward
- Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93, 000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain? 930 kilocalories B) 9, 300 kilocalories 93, 000 kilocalories D 930, 000 kilocalories MacBook Pro esc ! @ $ & 1 2 3 4 6. 7 8. Q W E R Y ab A S D F lock J Z C V M * 00 Barrow_forwarda.Briefly describe the roles of Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Pseudomonasbacteria in the nitrogen cycle (about 200 words). b. Provide one example for each of the following from the sulfur cycle: a biotic flux a natural abiotic flux an anthropogenic flux..arrow_forwardIn an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forward
- Energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is measured in calories, numbers, and in biomass. If a rangeland has a biomass of 100, 000g/m2 from the grass, how much biomass will be available in human beings who eat the cow that eat that grass?arrow_forwardBackground A trophic level, or feeding level, is made up of all the organisms whose energy source is the same number of consumption steps from the sun in a given ecosystem. The trophic level of plants or producers is 1, while that of herbivores is 2 and that of animals that eat herbivores 3. Higher trophic levels can exist for animals even higher on the food chain. In this exercise, you will compute numerical values for human energy needs based on diets at different trophic levels. In this case study the owner of a farm raises soybeans and chickens. Grasshoppers feed on the farmers soybeans, and are in turn eaten by the chickens. Humans can, though rarely do, eat grasshoppers for sustenance. Humans can also eat soybeans. For the purpose of this exercise, make the following assumptions: A human requires 1 chicken/day There are 365 days/year 1 chicken eats 25 grasshoppers/day 1 grasshopper requires about 30 g of soybeans/year 1,000 grasshoppers have a mass of 1 kg 1 human requires…arrow_forwardBackground A trophic level, or feeding level, is made up of all the organisms whose energy source is the same number of consumption steps from the sun in a given ecosystem. The trophic level of plants or producers is 1, while that of herbivores is 2 and that of animals that eat herbivores 3. Higher trophic levels can exist for animals even higher on the food chain. In this exercise, you will compute numerical values for human energy needs based on diets at different trophic levels. In this case study the owner of a farm raises soybeans and chickens. Grasshoppers feed on the farmers soybeans, and are in turn eaten by the chickens. Humans can, though rarely do, eat grasshoppers for sustenance. Humans can also eat soybeans. For the purpose of this exercise, make the following assumptions: A human requires 1 chicken/day There are 365 days/year 1 chicken eats 25 grasshoppers/day 1 grasshopper requires about 30 g of soybeans/year 1,000 grasshoppers have a mass of 1 kg 1 human requires…arrow_forward
- List two ways in which you could apply these concepts : (a) “as energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs, the amount of chemical energy available to organisms at each succeeding feeding level decreases” and (b) “matter, in the form of nutrients, cycles within and among ecosystems and the biosphere, and human activities are altering these chemical cycles.” to making your lifestyle more environmentally sustainable.arrow_forwardAP Environmental Science Primary Productivity Problems Net Primary Productivity efficiency can be calculated for terrestrial producers when values for insolation energy, respiration loss and gross productivity are known. Use the equations below to answer the following problems: Net Primary Productivity = Gross Productivity – Respiration Loss Efficiency = . NPP . X 100 Insolation Energy In a rice paddy in Southeast Asia, the insolation energy is 6,000,000 calories/m2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.012 grams/cm2/day, and the respiration loss is 20 percent. One gram of rice is equivalent to 1000 calories. Calculate the net primary productivity of the rice. Find the efficiency of photosynthesis by the rice. Could you mostly help me set it up and find it? So I can learn how to do it.arrow_forwardThe position of an organism within a food web is described by its trophic level. When modeling energy dynamics of a food web, losses of energy at these different levels produces a pyramid-shaped distribution of available energy. True or False?arrow_forward
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Energy flow in ecosystem; Author: MooMooMath and Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jBV9vJmXZI;License: Standard youtube license