Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 6TYK
Which of the following statements concerning net ecosystem production and net primary production is false?
- a. NEP will always be less than NPP because it takes the respiration of heterotrophs and decomposers into account.
- b. If measurements indicate that more CO2 enters an ecosystem than leaves, NEP would be positive.
- c. If measurements indicate that more O2 leaves an ecosystem than enters, NEP would be negative.
- d. An increase in the rate of decomposition in an ecosystem would lower NEP, but NPP would probably remain the same or perhaps increase.
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Chapter 55 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 55 - What may happen if the input of a mineral nutrient...Ch. 55 - Compare the movement of energy and chemical...Ch. 55 - a. List some ecosystems with high primary...Ch. 55 - a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes...Ch. 55 - What is the biological importance of water,...Ch. 55 - a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle...Ch. 55 - Contrast bioremediation and biological...Ch. 55 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 55 - What is secondary production? How does it relate...Ch. 55 - What processes mediate the interconversion of the...
Ch. 55 - The inefficiency of energy transformations is...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements about ecosystems...Ch. 55 - Primary production is a. equal to the standing...Ch. 55 - The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the...Ch. 55 - Production in terrestrial ecosystems is affected...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements concerning net...Ch. 55 - Secondary production is a. measured by the...Ch. 55 - Most food chains have only three to five links....Ch. 55 - Some authors have suggested that humans world-wide...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms would you predict...Ch. 55 - If a bird eats seeds with an energy content of 400...Ch. 55 - Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a....Ch. 55 - The atmosphere is the main reservoir for a. water...Ch. 55 - Which of these processes is incorrectly paired...Ch. 55 - Clear-cutting tropical forests yields agricultural...Ch. 55 - Plants, prokaryotes, and fungi are useful in...Ch. 55 - Which of the following actions is an example of...
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- a. What factors cause energy to decrease with each trophic level?b. How is it possible for energy to be lost and the ecosystem to stillrun efficiently?c. Are the nutrients on the earth a renewable resource? Why or why not?arrow_forwardGross primary productivity refers to the total a. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time b. energy captured initially by the producers c. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem d. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time e. energy used by the producers for their growth and reproductionarrow_forwardThe concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising in the Earth’s atmosphere at an unprecedented rate. Explain why this increase is happening in terms of chemical reactions and emissions sources. Identify two ecosystem consequences of this enrichment. Describe some ways the problem can be addressed.arrow_forward
- EcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardWhat does the term ’leakage’ mean in the context of regulating greenhouse gas emissions? and why is this important to consider?arrow_forwardThe direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents... A E O B) direction of movement of matter O Both B and C O A, B, and C O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer O C) direction of movement of energy O Both A and Carrow_forward
- Propose a reason why the CO2 fluxes are greater for terrestrial biological activity than for marine biological activity.arrow_forwardThe process whereby oxygen is depleted by the growth of microorganisms due to excess nutrients in aquatic systems is called _________. a. dead zoning b. eutrophication c. retrophication d. depletionarrow_forwardIn an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forward
- This figure has three graphs that have important implications for understanding how carbon flow and elements cycle through ecosystems through decomposition. The figures show data on the decomposition rates in a tropical forest. Please select all of the statements that are reasonable of at least one of the figures. interpretations Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 0 to 50 days (b) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 Leaf mass remaining (percent) (a) 100% 80 4 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 Days of decomposition 12 16 8 Leaf solubility (mg C/g dry leaf) (c) Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 51 to 230 days 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.000 200 Trumpet tree Inga tree Kapok tree Brazilian firetree 250 2 3 Ratio of leaf lignin:leaf nitrogen 4 Relyea, Ecology, 9e, Ⓒ2021 W. H. Freeman and Company O Leaves that release more soluble carbon pounds decompose much faster than those that release less Leaves that are rich in nitrogen relative to lignin decompose much faster increasing the rate of the nitrogen…arrow_forwardWhen the sulfur dioxide released from burning fossil fuels reacts with water vapor in clouds, sulfuric acid forms. a. Is sulfuric acid a primary or secondary pollutant? b. Is the pollution in this example point or non-point? C.Is the pollution in this example acute or chronic?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4 +). b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrogen gas (N2). c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrites (NO2 −). d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forward
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