Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 6IQ
- a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle the fastest? Why?
- b. In which natural ecosystems do nutrients cycle slowly? Why?
- c. What is the effect of loss of vegetation on nutrient cycling?
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Answer the following:
a. What is a nutrient cycle?
b. What are the different types of nutrient cycles, and describe each briefly.
c. What is the importance of the different nutrient cycles on Earth?
Nitrogen availability is a limiting factor in crop production. *
D. Disagree, because atmospheric nitrogen is about 80% and therefore nitrogen is readily available.
A. Agree, because almost 80% of the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is readily available.
C. Agree, because atmospheric nitrogen must first be reduced to ammonia through N-fixation.
B. Disagree, because only a small fraction of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas.
Plant growth is most likely to be limited by the available supply of usable: a. nitrogenb. carbonc. oxygend. phosphorus
Chapter 55 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 55 - What may happen if the input of a mineral nutrient...Ch. 55 - Compare the movement of energy and chemical...Ch. 55 - a. List some ecosystems with high primary...Ch. 55 - a. Why is production efficiency higher for fishes...Ch. 55 - What is the biological importance of water,...Ch. 55 - a. In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle...Ch. 55 - Contrast bioremediation and biological...Ch. 55 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 55 - What is secondary production? How does it relate...Ch. 55 - What processes mediate the interconversion of the...
Ch. 55 - The inefficiency of energy transformations is...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements about ecosystems...Ch. 55 - Primary production is a. equal to the standing...Ch. 55 - The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the...Ch. 55 - Production in terrestrial ecosystems is affected...Ch. 55 - Which of the following statements concerning net...Ch. 55 - Secondary production is a. measured by the...Ch. 55 - Most food chains have only three to five links....Ch. 55 - Some authors have suggested that humans world-wide...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms would you predict...Ch. 55 - If a bird eats seeds with an energy content of 400...Ch. 55 - Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a....Ch. 55 - The atmosphere is the main reservoir for a. water...Ch. 55 - Which of these processes is incorrectly paired...Ch. 55 - Clear-cutting tropical forests yields agricultural...Ch. 55 - Plants, prokaryotes, and fungi are useful in...Ch. 55 - Which of the following actions is an example of...
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- In the following diagram, fill in the components of chemical cycling and nutrient flow.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.arrow_forwardThink for a moment about the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient cycles. You know that human activities have changed each of these nutrient cycles, so that now a percentage of the annual flux is attributable to humans. Rank the nutrient cycles in order of the greatest % human interventior to the least % human intervention. carbon > nitrogen > phosphorus nitrogen > phosphorus > carbon carbon > phosphorus > nitrogen O phosphorus > carbon > nitrogen phosphorus > nitrogen > carbonarrow_forward
- 1.) Describe a food chain that has at least four different trophic levels. Label the tropic level (Producer, Primary consumer, Secondary Consumer, or Tertiary Consumer), whether the organism is a(n) autotroph or heterotroph, and provide an example of an organism at each tropic level. 2.)Name two biological processes involved in rapid carbon exchange: 3.)Name two geologic processes involved in long-term carbon exchange:arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? * To increase water retention. Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forwardWhat happens if there’s a natural disturbance (drought) affecting the balance of the food chain so that the Sun +E can supply only 4 energy units per plant? Compute for energy units following the table above and answer the following questions: What is the effect of reduced energy supply (nutrients or food) to the plants? Which components received comparatively less energy in the disturbed food chain? What could be the consequences of the above? If human beings were the last component in this food chain, what would be the consequences of reduced nutrient supply to plants?arrow_forward
- Netprimary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem, aftersubtracting energy lost in:a.dead plant tissues.b.inedible plant tissues.c.respiration by primary producers.d.respiration by primary consumers.e.inefficiencies of photosynthesis.arrow_forwardpart a) compare and contrast a food chain and a food web. part b) what would happen to the food if the sun disappeared? Explain. Will it happen at the same time? Explain. part c) in food chains and webs what tropic level must you have more than others?arrow_forwardThe energy flow in the ecosystem is important to maintain an ecological balance. In this context, answer the following: (i) Explain why the flow of energy at different levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic? (ii) Why is the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem limited?arrow_forward
- A class is studying the tropic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels. Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem ? ANSWER CHOICES ARE IN THE PHOTO. thanks.arrow_forwardAlgae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93, 000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain? (A 930 kilocalories B) 9, 300 kilocalories 93, 000 kilocalories D) 930, 000 kilocalories MacBook Pro esc @ # $ % & 1 3 4 7 8. Q W E R Y tab A S D F G H caps lock Z C V つ つ リarrow_forwardMatter is continually recycled between abiotic and biotic components of Earth's ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. the various cycles differ from one another in several key aspects of their storage, conversion and modes of transport. A. Describe the critical processes by which nitrogen is cycled through the biotic and abiotic components of earth’s atmosphere and identify the primary storage sink for nitrogenarrow_forward
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