Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 5.3, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The cause of the side effects such as nerve problems and destruction of dividing cells that are caused by the use of the drug vincristine.
Introduction:
Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic drug that treats different cancers by causing depolarization of the microtubules in the cell. It causes many side effects such as the nerve problems and loss of dividing cells. It is used in the treatment of cancers such as lung cancer, myeloid leukemia, and neuroblastoma. It is generally given intravenously.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Neuropathy is often a side effect of anti-cancer drug treatments. Which of the following drugs induce neuropathy by disrupting microtubule formation thereby inhibiting axonal transport? Select ALL that apply Paclitaxel Oxaliplatin Vincristine Bortezomib Thalidomide Cisplatinarrow_forwardNew treatments for several conditions are being developed using stem cells in medical waste, such as biopsy material, teeth, menstrual blood, umbilical cords, and fatty tissue removed in liposuction. For example, fat samples from injured horses are used to grow stem cells to treat tendon injuries. Explain how the two defining characteristics of stem cells enable them to be used to replace damaged or diseased tissue, so that the new tissue functions as opposed to forming a scar.arrow_forwardAnticancer drugs that affect microtubules are often used in cancer treatment. Explain why this is the case and the detailed mechanism(s) of how these drugs inhibit microtubules that make them effective.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes a way in which a normal growth factor can stimulate cell division? A A growth factor can bind to membrane receptors and initiate a signal transduction path- way that causes the synthesis of division-facilitating enzymes. B с D A growth factor can supply necessary biomolecular building blocks for cell division by diffusing through the cell membane. A growth factor can facilitate the transport of glucose into the cell, thereby providing it with nutrients to support cell division. A growth factor can inhibit specific checkpoints in the cell cycle and allow the cell to skip or bypass certain cell cycle phases.arrow_forwardCertain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete hormones normally made by the pancreas, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus. What prevents such secretion of happening in healthy cells?arrow_forwardTaxol, derived from the Pacific Yew tree, was one of the first effective anti-cancer compounds discovered. It acts by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization. Which of the following is a likely cellular side effect of treatment with Taxol? Increased exocytosis Loss of pseudopod formation in white blood cells Decreased endocytosis Increased cell sizearrow_forward
- One important biological effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation is to halt cell division. What might be the effects of such a mutation if the cell is not irradiated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following drugs would directly target the ability of cancer cells to evade cell growth suppressors? (evading the growth suppressor hallmark) Anti-inflammatory drugs VEGF signaling inhibitors Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Telomerase inhibitorsarrow_forwardThe drug taxol is extracted from the bark of yew trees. It binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizes them. When added to cells, it causes much of the free tubulin to assemble into microtubules. Taxol can be used as an anticancer drug. At the molecular level, what does the drug prevent? At the cellular level, what part of cell division does it prevent? Be specific.arrow_forward
- Which of the following changes to the microtubule binding protein, Tau, commonly occurs in Alzheimerâ s and other neurodegenerative diseases? A Tau is hypo-phosphorylated and does not bind to microtubules to destabilize them. B Tau levels are so low in the cell that they only bind to some microtubules. C Tau is hyper-phosphorylated and does not bind to microtubules to stabilize them. D Microtubules are hyper-phosphorylated and do not bind to Tau.arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? Make a list of it.arrow_forwardArtificially induced apoptosis (controlled cellular death) is found to be an effective treat- ment for some forms of cancer. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which apoptosis might be induced? A B с D by causing ribosomes to increase the rate of protein synthesis by triggering the division of mitochondria in the cell to increase ATP production by increasing the expression of membrane-bound glucose protein channels by causing lysosomes to release digestive enzymes into the cytosolarrow_forward
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