Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 5.3, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The movement of the molecules and the number of membranes that are crossed by them while moving from:
a) the stroma of the chloroplast to the matrix of the mitochondria,
b) the interior of the lysosome to the outside of the cell,
c) one ribosome to another one.
Introduction:
The cell is divided into two categories, which are the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are simple cells, unlike the eukaryotes that are complex. The eukaryotes have membrane-enclosed organelles that separate the reactions and components of the organelles from the cytoplasm.
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Give the specific terms for the following:(a)Cluster of ribosome’s found in cytoplasm(b)Extensive in folding to the inner membrane of mitochondria.(c) Stacks of closely packed thylakoids(d)Stalked particles on the inner membrane of mitochondria.
Match the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomesA. sacs that contain enzymes that catalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactions B. structures on which protein synthesis occurs C. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrients D. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cell E. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretion F. membrane-bounded sacs G. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteins are synthesized H. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave abou
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- The trans face of the Golgi apparatus (a) is its convex face; (b) is where products leave the Golgi apparatus in vesicles; (c) receives transport vesicles from the rough ER; (d) is in the very center of the Golgi stack; (e) is the same as the cis face.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the pH of the lysosomal interior? a.) The interior of a lysosome generally has a pH similar to cytoplasm b.) The interior of a lysosome generally has a pH higher than cytoplasm c.) The interior of a lysosome generally has a pH lower than cytoplasmarrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?arrow_forward
- 1. Lysosome is regarded as a body that is covered by membrane, a little smaller than mitochondrion and functions as storage for several hydrolytic enzymes. The enzymes in lysosome can digest substances that are engulfed by the cell and under certain conditions can destroy the cell itself. (a) Name ONE type of cell in the human body that contains many lysosomes. Explain why the cell contains many lysosomes. (b) State ONE different between the lysosome membrane and the mitochondrion membrane. (c) State ONE special feature of the lysosome membrane. (d) Explain how lysosome acts to release its enzymes in the cell.arrow_forwardAs they release hydrolase that digest old and damaged cells, the term 'suicidal bags' is used by cells biologists for the (a) Golgi bodies (b) lysosomes (c) glyoxysomes (d) peroxisomesarrow_forwardWhat is an analogy for a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?arrow_forward
- Chloroplasts and free ribosomes are double-membrane organelles separated into two compartments by their outer and inner membranes. (a) Say whether the above statement is true or false. (b). Give a reason for your answer in (a).arrow_forwardName the cytoskeletal element (actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments, or microtubules) for each of the following.(a) give the cell its shape(b) resist tension placed on a cell(c) radiate from the centrosome(d) interact with myosin to produce contraction force(e) are the most stable(f) associated with kinesins and dyneins(g) associated with the motor protein myosinarrow_forward. Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producingATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will befound within the(A) mitochondria.(B) ribosomes.PRACTICE TEST goo.gl/CUYGKD(C) peroxisomes.(D) lysosomes.arrow_forward
- Lysosomes and peroxisomes are both small, membrane-enclosed sacs. Which of these functions in (a) both digestion and synthesis of molecules and (b) digestion of unwanted organelles?arrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome, Explain in terms of the clathrin and thethering proteinsarrow_forwardWhat does lysosome contain?arrow_forward
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