Chapter 5, Problem 89A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Correct orbital diagram for an atom in its ground state needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 89A

b.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Explanations:.

Option b is right answer because it is following the principles (Aufbau Principle, Hund's rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle) regarding the notation of orbital diagram for an atom in its ground state

Conclusion

The option a, c, d do not following the principles (Aufbau Principle , Hund's rule , Pauli Exclusion Principle)  of regarding the notation of orbital diagram for an atom in its ground state.

In option (a), pair of electron takes place before filling of all the 3d orbitals, in option (c) first 3d orbital is paired without filling all the 3d orbitals and in option (d) second orbital is paired without filling all the 3d orbitals.