Concept explainers
Using the MO diagrams, predict the bond order for the stronger bond in each pair:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First2e
- Use MO diagrams and the bond orders you obtain fromthem to answer: (a) Is O₂⁻ stable? (b) Is O₂⁻ paramagnetic? (c) What is the outer (valence) electron configuration of O₂⁻?arrow_forwardWhich of the following bonds is the most polar (a) H¬F (b) H¬I (c) Se¬F (d) N¬P (e) Ga¬C?arrow_forwardConvert the following molecular formulas into linebond structures: (a) C3Ha (b) C3H;Br (two possibilities) (c) C3H6 (two possibilities) (d) C2H.O (two possibilities) Identify the bonds in the following molecules as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic (a) BeF2 What is the hybridization of each carbon atom in acetonitrile, CH3C=N? (b) SİH4 (с) СВraarrow_forward
- Lactic acid is a natural compound found in sour milk. (a) How many π bond occur in lactic acid? How many u bonds? (b) What is the hybridization of atoms 1, 2, and 3? (c) Which CO bond is the shortest in the molecule ? Which CO bond is the strongest? (d) What are the approximate value of the bond angles A, B and C?arrow_forwardIdentify the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following molecules and ions that contain multiple bonds: (a) ClNO (N is the central atom) (b) CS2 (c) Cl2CO (C is the central atom) (d) Cl2SO (S is the central atom) (e) SO2F2 (S is the central atom) (f) XeO2F2 (Xe is the central atom) (g) ClOF2+ (Cl is the central atom)arrow_forwardConsider the following AB3 molecules and ions:PCl3, SO3, AlCl3, SO32- , and CH3+. How many of thesemolecules and ions do you predict to have a trigonal-planarmolecular geometry? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5arrow_forward
- Octocrylene is an ingredient found in topical sunscreens. It is a water-resistant molecule that helps protect skin against harmful UVA and UVB radiation. Octocrylene Please answer the following questions: (a) What is the hybridisation of each nonhydrogen atom? (b) Are there two unique configurations possible about the C=C double bond? Please explain your answer. (c) Which of the two C-C bonds indicated by the arrows would you expect to be shorte.? Please explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?arrow_forwardOctocrylene is an ingredient found in topical sunscreens. It is a water-resistant molecule that helps protect skin against harmful UVA and UVB radiation. Octocrylene Please answer the following questions: (a) What is the hybridisation of each nonhydrogen atom? (b) Are there two unique configurations possible about the C=C double bond? Please explain your answer. (c) Which of the two C-C bonds indicated by the arrows would you expect to be shorter? Please explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Butadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths: (a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atoms and sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, what is the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene? (c) The middle C—C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) is a little shorter than the average C—C single bond length (1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C—C bond in butadiene is weaker or stronger than the average C—C single bond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might support the shorter middle C—C bond.arrow_forwardValence bond theory The skeletal structure for methyleneimine (CH₂NH) is shown. Draw for yourself the best Lewis structure. Propose a bonding scheme by indicating the hybridization of the central atoms and the orbital overlaps for each bond. (a) H one (b) H-C-N-H The bond labeled (a) forms from The bond labeled (b) forms from: ● one o-overlap of a C (c) π-overlap (s) of a C -overlap of a C sp2 orbital and a N orbital and a N orbital and a H 1s The ideal bond angle <(C-N-H) around the N atom is orbital, and orbital. The bond labeled (c) forms from O - overlap of a N There is/are one lone pair(s) around the N atom. Lewis structures do not attempt to portray 3D shape, but you can predict the molecular geometry from VSEPR theory. The ideal bond angle <(H-C-H) around the C atom is 120 orbital and a H 1s degrees. orbital. degrees. orbital.arrow_forwardAcetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin, has the Lewisstructure (a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labeled1, 2, and 3? (b) What hybrid orbitals are used about thecentral atom of each of these angles? (c) How many s bondsare in the molecule?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY