Determine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond. (a) H 2 , H 2 + , H 2 – (b) O 2 , O 2 2+ , O 2 2– (c) Li 2 , Be 2 + , Be 2 (d) F 2 , F 2 + , F 2 - (e) N 2 , N 2 + , N 2 -
Determine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond. (a) H 2 , H 2 + , H 2 – (b) O 2 , O 2 2+ , O 2 2– (c) Li 2 , Be 2 + , Be 2 (d) F 2 , F 2 + , F 2 - (e) N 2 , N 2 + , N 2 -
Determine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond.
(a) If the valence atomic orbitals of an atom are sp hybridized,how many unhybridized p orbitals remain in thevalence shell? How many π bonds can the atom form?(b) Imagine that you could hold two atoms that are bondedtogether, twist them, and not change the bond length.Would it be easier to twist (rotate) around a single σ bondor around a double (σ plus π) bond, or would they be thesame?
Butadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths:(a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atomsand sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, whatis the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene?(c) The middle C¬C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) isa little shorter than the average C¬C single bond length(1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C¬C bond in butadieneis weaker or stronger than the average C¬C singlebond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might supportthe shorter middle C¬C bond.
In ozone, O3, the two oxygen atoms on the ends of the molecule are equivalent to one another. (a)What is the best choice of hybridization scheme for the atoms of ozone? (b) For one of the resonance forms of ozone, which of the orbitals are used to make bonds and which are used to hold nonbonding pairs of electrons? (c) Which of the orbitals can be used to delocalize the π electrons? (d) How many electrons are delocalized in the π system of ozone?
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INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR QUANTUM MECHANICS -Valence bond theory - 1; Author: AGK Chemistry;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8kPBPqDIwM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY