Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 5, Problem 39Q
To determine
(a)
The wavelength of
To determine
(b)
The part of
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Answer the following
A. A comet has just passed the Earth and its peak emission is observed at 15000 nm. Determine in which region of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. X-ray, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, ...) the peak emission wavelength resides. What is the temperature of the comet?
B. Within the Solar System, a convenient unit of measurement is the Earth-Sun distance, called an astronomical unit (AU). For bigger distances, we use the light year (LY), the distance that light travels in one year. We can expand our lingo to include other measures of distance, for example, light days, light minutes, and light hours. Starting with the values you can look up in the Appendices for the speed of light and the astronomical unit, calculate how many “light minutes” there are in 1 AU.
C. What is the observable universe? How big is it?
) a) What temperature is required for a black body spectrum to peak in the X-ray band? (Assume that E = 1 keV). What is the frequency and wavelength of a 1 keV photon? b) What is one example of an astrophysical phenomenon that emits black body radiation that peaks near 1 keV? c) What temperature is required for a black body spectrum to peak in the gamma-ray band with E = 1 GeV? What is the frequency and wavelength of a 1 GeV photon? d) What is one example of an astrophysical phenomenon that emits black body radiation that peaks at 1 GeV?
Your research team analysis the light of a mysterious object in space. By using a spectrometer,
you can observe the following spectrum of the object. The Ha line peak is clearly visible:
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
Wavelength (nm)
(a) Mark the first four spectral lines of hydrogen (Ha, H3, H, Hồ) in the spectrum.
(b) Determine the radial velocity and the direction of the object's movement.
(c) Calculate the distance to the observed object.
(d) What possible type of object is your team observing?
Relative Flux [arb. unit]
Chapter 5 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1QCh. 5 - Prob. 2QCh. 5 - Prob. 3QCh. 5 - Prob. 4QCh. 5 - Prob. 5QCh. 5 - Prob. 6QCh. 5 - Prob. 7QCh. 5 - Prob. 8QCh. 5 - Prob. 9QCh. 5 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11QCh. 5 - Prob. 12QCh. 5 - Prob. 13QCh. 5 - Prob. 14QCh. 5 - Prob. 15QCh. 5 - Prob. 16QCh. 5 - Prob. 17QCh. 5 - Prob. 18QCh. 5 - Prob. 19QCh. 5 - Prob. 20QCh. 5 - Prob. 21QCh. 5 - Prob. 22QCh. 5 - Prob. 23QCh. 5 - Prob. 24QCh. 5 - Prob. 25QCh. 5 - Prob. 26QCh. 5 - Prob. 27QCh. 5 - Prob. 28QCh. 5 - Prob. 29QCh. 5 - Prob. 30QCh. 5 - Prob. 31QCh. 5 - Prob. 32QCh. 5 - Prob. 33QCh. 5 - Prob. 34QCh. 5 - Prob. 35QCh. 5 - Prob. 36QCh. 5 - Prob. 37QCh. 5 - Prob. 38QCh. 5 - Prob. 39QCh. 5 - Prob. 40QCh. 5 - Prob. 41QCh. 5 - Prob. 42QCh. 5 - Prob. 43QCh. 5 - Prob. 44QCh. 5 - Prob. 45QCh. 5 - Prob. 46QCh. 5 - Prob. 47QCh. 5 - Prob. 48QCh. 5 - Prob. 49QCh. 5 - Prob. 50QCh. 5 - Prob. 51Q
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- The radiant energy density (ρν) for the blackbody radiation is given by (see image below) where ρν dν is the energy per unit volume in the frequency range between ν and ν + dν.a) To exemplify and using ν = 3.5 x 1014 s-1, calculate density (concentration) spectral radiant excitation (in J m-2) as a function of frequency for the blackbody, a T=5776 K (the temperature of the sun).b)Plot the graph of spectral density versus frequency.arrow_forwardExample 4-2: Calculate the wavelength of photon emitted when an electron in the hydrogen atom drops from the n =2 state to the ground state. If t 10 usec, what is the minimum range of it is possible emitted energy.arrow_forwardSelect average representative temperatures for 1) the average Earth surface, 2) the Sun, 3) a typical cloud, and 4) typical snow and calculate:a) The rate of electromagnetic energy emission for each surface in Wm-2, assuming all surfaces are blackbodies.b) The wavelength of maximum radiation in mum and determine the portion of the spectrum in which it occurs.arrow_forward
- Estimate the thermally Doppler-broadened line widths for the hydrogen Lya, C III, O VI, and Mg X lines are given below; use the temperatures provided. Take the masses of H, c, O, and Mg to be 1 u, 12 u, 16 u, and 24 u, respectively. The 121.6-nm Lyman-alpha (Lya) emission line of hydrogen (n=2 →n =1) is produced at the top of the chromosphere at 20,000 K, the ClII 97.7-nm line originates at a level where the temperature is 90,000 K, the 103.2-nm line of O VI occurs at 300,000 K, and Mg X creates a 62.5-nm line at 1.4 x 106 K.arrow_forwardfind the temperature of the coolest star whose peak blackbody wavelength can be observed with the human eye (the exact range of visible light varies from publication to publication, so use 380nm to 750 nm).arrow_forwardThe bright star Sirius A has a diameter 1.6 times the sun’s and surface temperature 9600 K. (a) What is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted from the surface? (Note: Sirius has a distinctive blue tint when viewed with the naked eye.) (b) Find the net power output from the surface of Sirius A and compare with that from the sun.arrow_forward
- A visible (violet) emission spectral line for chromium (Cr) occurs at wavelength λ = 425.435 nm.What is the frequency (ν) of this light?(Mind the units carefully. Give your answers to six significant figures.)arrow_forward(a) The star Betelgeuse emits radiation with a peak wavelength of 807 nm. What is its surface temperature (in K)? (Assume the star behaves like a blackbody.) (b) The star Adhara emits radiation with a peak wavelength of 127 nm. What is its surface femperature (in K)? (Assume the star behaves like a blackbody.) Need Help? Read Itarrow_forward(a) The star Dubhe emits radiation with a peak wavelength of 622 nm. What is its surface temperature (in K)? (Assume the star behaves like a blackbody.) answer in K (b) The star Deneb emits radiation with a peak wavelength of 340 nm. What is its surface temperature (in K)? (Assume the star behaves like a blackbody.) answer in Karrow_forward
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