Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 5, Problem 37E
The greenhouse effect can be explained easily if you understand the laws of blackbody
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Use Wien's Law to calculate the peak wavelength of light coming from the Sun. Assume T=5800 K for the surface temperature of the Sun. Wein's displacement law says that the blackbody temperature and peak wavelength multiplied together give a constant of 0.29 cm-K. (K is degrees Kelvin).
Convert the wavelength from part A into a frequency. The product of wavelength and frequency for electromagnetic radiation is a constant, the speed of light (c), 3 x 10^10 cm/s.
The Sun has a radius of about 700,000 km and a surface temperature of 5800 K. Assuming it is a perfect blackbody (an emissivity of 1), what is the rate of energy radiated (in W) from the surface of the Sun? (Hint: the surface area of a sphere is 4πR2; enter your answer in scientific notation, 1.23E12 means 1.23 * 1012).
Earth's daylight surface disk absorbs about 1036 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earth's radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth? Hint: Compare the ratio of the disk area to the spherical surface area.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 5 - What distinguishes one type of electromagnetic...Ch. 5 - What is a wave? Use the terms wavelength and...Ch. 5 - Is your textbook the kind of idealized object...Ch. 5 - Where in an atom would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - Explain how emission lines and absorption lines...Ch. 5 - Explain how the Doppler effect works for sound...Ch. 5 - What kind of motion for a star does not produce a...Ch. 5 - Describe how Bohr’s model used the work of...Ch. 5 - Explain why light is referred to as...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between radiation as it is...
Ch. 5 - What are the differences between light waves and...Ch. 5 - Which type of wave has a longer wavelength: AM...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers long ago believed that...Ch. 5 - Explain what the ionosphere is and how it...Ch. 5 - Which is more dangerous to living things, gamma...Ch. 5 - Explain why we have to observe stars and other...Ch. 5 - Explain why hotter objects tend to radiate more...Ch. 5 - Explain how we can deduce the temperature of a...Ch. 5 - Explain what dispersion is and how astronomers use...Ch. 5 - Explain why glass prisms disperse light.Ch. 5 - Explain what Joseph Fraunhofer discovered about...Ch. 5 - Explain how we use spectral absorption and...Ch. 5 - Explain the results of Rutherford’s gold foil...Ch. 5 - Is it possible for two different atoms of carbon...Ch. 5 - What are the three isotopes of hydrogen, and how...Ch. 5 - Explain how electrons use light energy to move...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers use the term “blueshifted”...Ch. 5 - If spectral line wavelengths are changing for...Ch. 5 - Make a list of some of the many practical...Ch. 5 - With what type of electromagnetic radiation would...Ch. 5 - Why is it dangerous to be exposed to X-rays but...Ch. 5 - Go outside on a clear night, wait 15 minutes for...Ch. 5 - Water faucets are often labeled with a red dot for...Ch. 5 - Suppose you are standing at the exact center of a...Ch. 5 - How could you measure Earth’s orbital speed by...Ch. 5 - Astronomers want to make maps of the sky showing...Ch. 5 - The greenhouse effect can be explained easily if...Ch. 5 - An idealized radiating object does not reflect or...Ch. 5 - Why are ionized gases typically only found in very...Ch. 5 - Explain why each element has a unique spectrum of...Ch. 5 - What is the wavelength of the carrier wave of a...Ch. 5 - What is the frequency of a red laser beam, with a...Ch. 5 - You go to a dance club to forget how hard your...Ch. 5 - What is the energy of the photon with the...Ch. 5 - If the emitted infrared radiation from Pluto, has...Ch. 5 - What is the temperature of a star whose maximum...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Suppose YOUR body temperature averages 98.6 F. 1. How much radiant energy in Wm^-2 is emitted from YOUR body? 2. What is the total radiant energy in W that is emitted from YOUR body? 3. At what wavelength does YOUR body emit the largest amount of radiant energy?arrow_forwardThe average energy of an atom or molecule in a gas is 3/2 kT where k is the Boltzmann Constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins. If you were to look at all the atoms in a snapshot of the gas and sort them out by energy, what is the most probable energy you would find for an atom? 8 k T / π 1/2 kT 3/2 kT 2 kTarrow_forwardThe photovoltaic systems are designed based on “Peak Sun Hours.” What is peak sun hour?arrow_forward
- Our Sun has a surface temperature of about 5800 K. Find the emitted power per square meter of peak intensity for a similar star with 4600 K that emits thermal radiation. Express your answer in scientific notation and with three significant figures.arrow_forwardHow many watts of radiation does a 1-meter-square region of the Sun’s spot emit, at a temperature of 5000 K? How much would the wattage increase if the temperature of the spot were twice as much, 10 000 K?arrow_forwardWhat is the temperature of the Sun (google for the answer)? What is the re-entry temperature of the Space Shuttle (google for the answer)? Why don’t you burn up at the reentry temperature of 17318.5K for this Mach 20 flow? Why do you think that the body should actually re-enter the Earth's atmosphere in the opposite direction. (ie.. blunt/flat surface first.)arrow_forward
- The surface temperature of the Sun is about 6000K. For this question, assume it is exactly 6000K. Now suppose that the surface temperature of the Sun was 12,000 K, rather than 6,000 K. a) How much more thermal radiation would the Sun emit, compared to its current output? Answer as a whole number, which is the ratio of the new to the old output.arrow_forwardSolar scientists want to measure the temperature inside the sun by sending in probes. Imagine that temperature increases by 1 million◦C for every 10,000 km below the surface. A probe that can handle a temperature of x million degrees costs x³ million dollars. a. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 10,000 km down? b. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 100,000 km down? c. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 200,000 km down?arrow_forwardExplain how we use spectral absorption and emission lines to determine the composition of a gas.arrow_forward
- Make a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the locations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. What is the approximate temperature of each of these regions?arrow_forwardTutorial Star A has a temperature of 5,000 K and Star B has a temperature of 6,000 K. At what wavelengths (in nm) will each of these star's intensity be at its maximum? If the temperatures of the stars increase, the wavelength of maximum intensity. What is the temperature (in K) of a star that appears most intense at a wavelength of 829 nm? Part 1 of 4 Wien's Law tells us how the temperature of a star determines the wavelength of maximum intensity or at what wavelength the star appears brightest. 2.90 x 106 TK If the temperature is in kelvin (K) then A is in nanometers (nm). Anm ^A = AB = = Part 2 of 4 To determine the wavelengths of maximum intensity for the two stars: 2.90 x 106 2.90 x 106 K nm nmarrow_forwardWhat does the Wien Displacement Law (also known as Wien's Law) tell us? a) There is an inverse relation between the temperature of a thermal emitter and the wavelength where the emission peaks. b) There is a proportional relation between the temperature of a thermal emitter and the wavelength where the emission peaks. c) None of the above.arrow_forward
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