Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 5, Problem 35QAP
To determine
If all the stars present in the night sky have a few planets orbiting around the star.
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1. Planet A has an orbital period of 12 years and radius that is 0.033 times the radius of the star. Calculate the fractional dip of the star brightness in the case that planet A is transiting. Give the answer as a number. Quote the formula you use and explain any assumptions you have to make.
2. Planet B has an orbital period of 1 year and is located closer to its star than planet A. You succeed in detecting planet B with the radial velocity technique as well! From this measurement you calculate a minimum mass of planet B to be 75% that of the Earth. (a) Since you detect the planet with both transit method and radial velocity method, what do you know about the inclination of the planetary system? (b) Given this inclination, estimate the true mass of planet B (in units of Earth mass). You do not need to do a detailed calculation, just explain the argument.
3. You also measure the radius of planet B to be the same as Earth, one Earth radius. (a) How does the density of planet B compare…
Imagine that in the future, scientists plan on colonizing planets that orbit other stars. Based on your knowledge of the life cycle of stars, decide which type of star (High mass or Low mass) the planet should orbit that would allow for human life to safely live on that planet for the longest period of time.
Explain your answer using examples from the life cycle of each star.
What are (3) ways to change the # of Days it takes for a planet to revolve around a star?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1CYUCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.2CYUCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3CYUCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4CYUCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.5CYUCh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.6CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 5 - Prob. 45QAP
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- At present there are 8 planets in the solar system. In the early models, there were only 6 planets. What is the reason behind this? Describe a model of the modern solar system in terms of the number of planets, their arrangement and the model’s center.arrow_forwardUse Kepler's 3rd Law and the small angle approximation. a) An object is located in the solar system at a distance from the Sun equal to 41 AU's . What is the objects orbital period? b) An object seen in a telescope has an angular diameter equivalent to 41 (in units of arc seconds). What is its linear diameter if the object is 250 million km from you? Draw a labeled diagram of this situation.arrow_forwardWhite Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 x 106 g/cm?. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass/volume, and the volume of a 4 sphere is Tr.) 3 km Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size? I Table A-10 I Properties of the Planets ORBITAL PROPERTIES Semimajor Axis (a) Orbital Period (P) Average Orbital Velocity (km/s) Orbital Inclination Planet (AU) (106 km) (v) (days) Eccentricity to Ecliptic Mercury 0.387 57.9 0.241 88.0 47.9 0.206 7.0° Venus 0.723 108 0.615 224.7 35.0 0.007 3.4° Earth 1.00 150 1.00 365.3 29.8 0.017 Mars 1.52 228 1.88 687.0 24.1 0.093 1.8° Jupiter 5.20 779 11.9 4332 13.1 0.049 1.30 Saturn 9.58 1433 29.5 10,759 9.7 0.056 2.5° 30,799 60,190 Uranus 19.23 2877 84.3 6.8 0.044 0.8° Neptune * By definition. 30.10 4503 164.8 5.4 0.011 1.8° PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Earth = e)…arrow_forward
- Time From this light curve, we can deduce that... O the star has a high mass exoplanet orbiting it O the star has an exoplanet orbiting it that has an eccentric orbit O the star has an exoplanet orbiting it that has an eccentric orbit O the star has an exoplanet that is not on the same orbital plane as the star L Brightnessarrow_forwardH5. A star with mass 1.05 M has a luminosity of 4.49 × 1026 W and effective temperature of 5700 K. It dims to 4.42 × 1026 W every 1.39 Earth days due to a transiting exoplanet. The duration of the transit reveals that the exoplanet orbits at a distance of 0.0617 AU. Based on this information, calculate the radius of the planet (expressed in Jupiter radii) and the minimum inclination of its orbit to our line of sight. Follow up observations of the star in part reveal that a spectral feature with a rest wavelength of 656 nm is redshifted by 1.41×10−3 nm with the same period as the observed transit. Assuming a circular orbit what can be inferred about the planet’s mass (expressed in Jupiter masses)?arrow_forwardAstronomers frequently say that “there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth”. Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth’s beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. About 1011 About 1016 About 1021.arrow_forward
- In Table 2, there is a list of 15 planets, some of which are real objects discovered by the Kepler space telescope, and some are hypothetical planets. For each one, you are provided the temperature of the star that each planet orbits in degrees Kelvin (K), the distance that each planet orbits from their star in astronomical units (AUs) and the size or radius of each planet in Earth radii (RE). Since we are concerned with finding Earth-like planets, we will assume that the composition of these planets are similar to Earth's, so we will not directly look at their masses, rather their sizes (radii) along with the other characteristics. Determine which of these 15 planets meets our criteria of a planet that could possibly support Earth-like life. Use the Habitable Planet Classification Flow Chart (below) to complete Table 2. Whenever the individual value you are looking at falls within the range of values specified on the flow chart, mark the cell to the right of the value with a Y for…arrow_forwardWhy are all large celestial bodies (stars, planets, larger moons) very nearly spherical in shape? a because of the centrifugal force from the body's rotation b because of tidal forces c because gravity tries to pull every part of the celestial body to the center d because of the pressure from the heat in the body's corearrow_forwardPart 3 1. The diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. The diameter of the Moon is 3,474.8 km. Find the ratio, r= Dsa/Dsvan between the sizes. 2. From the point of view of an obs erver on Eanth (consider the Earth as a point-like object), during the eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun exactly. Sketch a picture to illustrate this fact. Use a nuler to get a straight line. Your drawing does not need to be in scale. 3. The Sun is 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) away from the Earth. Find the distance between the Earth and the Moon in AU's using the ratio of similar triangles. Show your work. DEM= AU. Convert this to kilometers. Use 1 AU = 149,600,000 km. DEM = km.arrow_forward
- Suppose you're in a circular orbit around Saturn (M = 5.683 x 1026 kg) with a semi-major axis of a = 237,948 km. a. What is your orbital velocity? b. Using the "Vis-viva" equation (which can be derived from the total energy) v = GM What is the delta-V you would need to get from your current orbit, into an elliptical orbit that has an apoapsis near Titan (a = 1,221,870 km)?arrow_forwardExplain the tidal hypothesis.arrow_forwardBarnard’s Star, the second closest star to us, is about 56 trillion (5.61012) km away. Calculate how far it would be using the scale model of the solar system given in Overview of Our Planetary System.arrow_forward
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