The process, by which photons of light can change the receptor potential of rod cells. Introduction: Rod cells are cells present in the retina of an eye, which is capable of detecting light. They are usually located on the outer edge of the retina and are significant in conferring peripheral vision. These rod cells contain opsin containing disks. They have an inner segment, a synaptic terminal, and an outer segment. The synaptic terminal of the rod cells connects or synapses with another neuron cell which can either be a horizontal cell or bipolar cell.

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Chapter 45.4, Problem 2R

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The process, by which photons of light can change the receptor potential of rod cells.

Introduction:

Rod cells are cells present in the retina of an eye, which is capable of detecting light. They are usually located on the outer edge of the retina and are significant in conferring peripheral vision. These rod cells contain opsin containing disks. They have an inner segment, a synaptic terminal, and an outer segment. The synaptic terminal of the rod cells connects or synapses with another neuron cell which can either be a horizontal cell or bipolar cell.

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During phototransduction, the molecular processing in retinal rods under light activates mechanism to reduce cGMP that hyperpolarizes the cell. The correct sequence of cellular events is: activation of 11-cis-retinal --> activation of Transducin---> enzyme degrades CGMP activation of Transducin --> opening of Na+ channel --> hyperpolarization of cell activation of Transducin --> a photon induces 11-trans-retinal --> enzyme degrades CGMP 0 a photon induces 11-transretinal activation --> closing of Na+ channel --> hyperpolarization of cell

To further investigate the cellular response in photoreceptor cells, we will now look at the actual effect of cGMP within the phototransduction pathway. Again, we will compare what happens in the dark and in the presence of light to understand how an electric signal is generated in either condition. Comparing both conditions (in the dark or under the light), researchers have measured the molar concentration of cytosolic CGMP and recorded the membrane potential of rod cells by placing micro- electrodes on either side of their plasma membrane (see figure below). • A negative membrane potential means that there are more negatively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside the cell, or equivalently, that there are less positively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside the cell. • A positive membrane potential means that there are more negatively charged ions outside the cell compared to inside the cell, or equivalently, that there are less positively charged ions outside…

To further investigate the cellular response in photoreceptor cells, we will now look at the actual effect of cGMP within the phototransduction pathway. Again, we will compare what happens in the dark and in the presence of light to understand how an electric signal is generated in either condition. Comparing both conditions (in the dark or under the light), researchers have measured the molar concentration of cytosolic cGMP and recorded the membrane potential of rod cells by placing micro-electrodes on either side of their plasma membrane (see figure below). A negative membrane potential means that there are more negatively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside the cell, or equivalently, that there are less positively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside the cell. ● A positive membrane potential means that there are more negatively charged ions outside the cell compared to inside the cell, or equivalently, that there are less positively charged ions outside the…