Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 45.1, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The importance of adaptation in different sensory modalities.
Introduction:
The sensory receptors of the individual activate when they come in contact with any stimulus. Their stimulation causes the body to respond to the stimulus by various mechanisms. However, when the body is stimulated repeatedly by the same stimulus, sensory receptors start producing a weak or diminished response. Due to a weaker response, the individual is capable of only detecting the new changes or information and is able to ignore the conditions that have remained constant. This process of minimizing its response to repeated stimulation is called adaptation.
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Why is pain considered an subjective sensory experience and not an objective sensory experience?
In the process of sensory coding
Recruitment of additional neurons occurs with a weak stimulus in order to make the stimulus stronger.
The larger the receptive field of a sensory receptor, the greater the expected acuity and the more accurate the two-point discrimination.
Lateral inhibition of neighboring receptors resulting in a relative reduction of action potentials in the neighboring second order neurons would be expected to increase acuity.
A receptor potential that remains suprathreshold into the absolute refractory period will result in additional action potentials.
M
Which of the following presents the elements of a sensory system in the correct order?
Select one:
Accessory structure modifies energy and sensory nerves transfer activity to central nervous system, thalamus processes
and relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex transfers input to accessory structures and sensation or perception is
produced.
Accessory structure modifies energy, receptor transduces energy into neural activity, sensory nerves transfer activity to
central nervous system, thalamus processes and relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex receives input and
produces sensation and perception.
Ob.
C. External receptors transduce energy into neural activity, sensory nerves transfer activity to central nervous system and
relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex receives input and produces sensation and perception.
O d. Accessory structure modifies energy, receptor transduces energy and thalamus processes and relays activity to the
reticular…
Chapter 45 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- A light signal activates a photoreceptor, which, in turn, activates a bipolar cell. Horizontal cells in the retina inactivate the surrounding bipolar cells. Which of the following is the correct sensory system property that this example is describing? Frequency coding Population coding Stimulus type O Lateral inhibition Receptor adaptationarrow_forwardThe sensory systems are complex and have the amazing ability to respond to different types of environmental stimuli. What is one aspect of the sensory systems we have looked at (gustatory, olfactory, or visual) that you found particularly interesting and would like to know more about?arrow_forwardEnvironmental input to different sensory systems affects different neuroanatomical pathways. However, there is a basic, common pathway plan that most sensory systems share. Choose the response option that best describes that plan. receptors --> hindbrain --> midbrain --> cortical association area receptors --> medulla --> hypothalamus --> frontal cortex receptors -> spinal nerves --> midbrain --> temporal cortex receptors >brainstem --> thalamus --> primary cortical areaarrow_forward
- Sensory adaptation occurs when the brain filters out repetitious and/or insignificant information. Indicate the correct example of sensory adaptation.arrow_forwardPain Undergoes little, if any, sensory adaptation. Why do you think this is so important?arrow_forwardWhy are the neurons in the earlier stages of the sensory pathways necessary for perception?arrow_forward
- What are some general similarities in how receptive fields are represented by the nervous system? What advantage does this give us with respect to those senses?arrow_forwardThere are a number of commonalities between the sensory systems both in terms of how incoming sensory information is processed and in terms of how that incoming information is interpreted and understood by the brain. Describe 3 commonalities across systems on the “sensory side” of the process and 2 commonalities on the perceptual side. Use examples in your descriptions.arrow_forwardWhat is adaptation of a sensory receptor? At what stage(s) does itoccur? What are its functions?arrow_forward
- Explain the purpose of integration and sensory adaptation.arrow_forwardIn general, into what three groups can sensory receptorsbe classified? What does each provide information about?arrow_forwardWe discussed three principles with regards to the sensory cortex (mechanisms of perception), with one of them being a hierarchical organization. Using the somatosensory system as an example (specifically the exteroceptive part of that system), state each level of the hierarchy with regards to this system, beginning with the one at the lowest level of the hierarchy to the final uppermost level. give the name at each level as it corresponds with this system.arrow_forward
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