Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 45.1, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism by which we are able to differentiate between the sensations, all of which produce same action potentials.
Introduction:
All types of sensations, be it pressure, touch, sense of temperature, smell among others, produce the action potentials. The action potentials generated in response to a stimulus travels to the brain, which processes the information based on the part of it getting affected by the stimulus.
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What does it mean to say that action potentials are “all or none”?
Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials?
a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons.
b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none.
c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.
What is a graded potential? Where does a graded potential start in a neuron? Do graded
potentials always result in an action potential? Are all graded potentials depolarizing?
Why or why not? Where are action potentials started in a neuron and what is the
threshold potential to do so in a neuron?
Chapter 45 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- What is summation with regards to action potentials?arrow_forward(a) Explain the difference between an EPSP and an IPSP. (b) What specifically determines whether an EPSP or IPSP will be generated at the postsynaptic membrane?arrow_forwardWhich elements are involved with action potential?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between action potentials, generator potentials, and receptor potentials?arrow_forwardCompare the following:(a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)(b) Resting potential and action potential(c) Choroid and retinaarrow_forwardTwo separate post-synaptic interneurons receive synaptic potentials from afferent neurons in the periphery. The dendrites of one these interneurons receive an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) of equal magnitude at the same time. The dendrites of the other interneuron receive one excitatory post-synaptic potential that is the same sized as the EPSP and IPSP received by the other interneuronarrow_forward
- What is the difference between equilibrium potential, membrane potential, and action potential (neurons)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following would occur if a neuron was experimentally stimulated simultaneously at both ends? The action potentials would pass in the middle and travel to the opposite ends The action potentials would stop as they meet in the middle. The stronger action potential would override the weaker action potential. Summation would occur when the action potentials meet in the middle, resulting in a larger action potential.arrow_forwardList four ways in which an action potential is different from a local potential.arrow_forward
- Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltagegated Na+channels.(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential thanthe terminals of the axon.(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na+and K+open in onlyone direction.arrow_forwardBased on the graph, how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the relative refractory period) after the first stimulus? (Base your answer to this question on the graph below depicting an action potential.) less than 0.5 msec 1 msec 2 msec 3 msec 4 msecarrow_forwardExplain functions of graded potential, resting potential, and action potential seen in neurons?arrow_forward
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