Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 43.4, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø How would a macrophage deficiency likely affect a person’s innate and adaptive defenses?
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When surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.
What happens during the initial stage of acute inflammation?
O brief vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction and recruitment of macrophages
brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation resulting in edema
brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation resulting in excess tissue production
recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages that result in edema
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How do macrophages capture foreign molecules (pathogens)?
By attachment of the macrophage to the pathogen via its corresponding Toll-like receptor
By attachment of the macrophage to the pathogen via its corresponding MHC
By killing the pathogen outside the macrophage
By secreting different cytokines
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- What function do receptors play in specific immune responses andhow can they be made to vary so widely?arrow_forward(T3) 20. Which of the following are typical symptoms of inflammation? Choose all that apply - [ ] Redness - [ ] Pain - [ ] Headache - [ ] Swelling - [ ] Nausea 21. All of the following are benefits of fever, except: - [ ] Slows bacterial growth - [ ] Slows viral growth - [ ] Increases heart rate - [ ] Speed tissue repair - [ ] Activates macrophagesarrow_forwardWhat does innate mean? How is the innate immune system different from the adaptive immune system? Compare the strategies of innate immunity with strategies of adaptive immunity. Give specific examples. How do vaccines protect us from diseases? Which cells in the immune system become activated after the injection? Your answer should be written as 2 or more paragraphs with a total word count of 400 or more.arrow_forward
- Immune systems of animals are very complex. For an animal's immune system to work properly, certain cells must be able to recognize other specific types of cells, so that they can bind to and communicate with them. These types of interactions allow an immune system to decide if and when to launch an immune response. For example, dendritic cells must be able to recognize and interact with T-cells, but they do not need to recognize adipocyte cells. Which of the following describes a difference between T-cells and adipocyte cells that would allow dendritic cells to recognize one, but not the other? A. Adipocyte cells must have a cell wall, while T-cells lack one. B. T-cells and adipocyte cells must have different types of lipids that compose their plasma membranes. C. Adipocyte cells must lack endoplasmic reticulum, while T-cells possess endoplasmic reticulum. D. T-cells and adipocyte cells must have some differences in the carbohydrates and/or…arrow_forwardWhat causes the signs and symptoms of inflammation? List and discuss the six agents capable of stimulating an inflammatory response. .arrow_forwardThis week you learned about the role that macrophages, neutrophils, and cytokines play in the innate immune response and looked at how they contribute to the development of inflammation and the inflammatory and the acute phase response. In certain bacterial illnesses, particularly lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a physician may not treat the patient with antibiotics (which will kill the microorganisms), but rather give the patient anti-inflammatory medications. Why might a physician choose to inhibit inflammation in the case of an infection? What types of damage might the inflammatory response do to the surrounding tissues, not just the bacteria it was designed to combat?arrow_forward
- Q4\ A- One theory for long-lasting immunity assumes that humans are continually exposed to the disease causing agent. Explain how this exposure could produce lifelong immunity?(.arrow_forwardSome primitive organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive immune system, but they have somecomponents of an innate immune system, including phagocytes andcertain protective proteins. What are some general features of innateimmunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?arrow_forwardGive a brief overview of the inflammatory response of the innate immune system, the three key cell types involved and how this response triggers the adaptive immune system. thank you!!!!arrow_forward
- Walk through the stages of the inflammatory response, and ?describe its purpose?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of carbohydrate groups present in collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units located in collagen? What is the role of vitamin C in the biosynthesis of collagen? What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? What is immunoglobulin? Describe the structural features of a typical immune-globulin molecule? Describe the process by which blood immunoglobulins help protect the body from invading bacteria and viruses. Describe the general overall structure of plasma lipoprotein. In what chemical form does cholesterol usually exist in the bloodstream?arrow_forwardAdaptive Response Fill in the blanks.. Our specific defense system recognizes and fights autoimmune foreign molecules, or It can protect us antigens against like bacteria or viruses, or abnormal human cells like An allergy is the system's "overreaction" to things like pollen, cancer peanuts, or shellfish. The system can also target healthy pathogens human tissues causing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 11 O Teamwork Toolboxarrow_forward
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