Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 3TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: B cells are triggered when an “antigen” binds to the “antigen receptor”. This leads to synthesis of Ig proteins and are also called as antibody. In “cell-mediated immune response,” the “cytotoxic T cells” kills the “infected cells” by secreting toxic proteins before the full maturation of pathogens.
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Which statement best describes the difference between responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells? (A) B cells confer active immunity;cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. (B) B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times. (C) B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells. (D) B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.
Explain the mechanism by which (A) macrophages and NK cells, and (B) macrophages and effector T cells become mutually activated in the course of an innate and adaptive immune response, respectively. (C) Which gene defects would impair these mutual activation processes?
Which of the following statements is not true?(A) An antibody has more than one antigen-binding site.(B) A lymphocyte has receptors for multiple differentantigens.(C) An antigen can have different epitopes.(D) A liver or muscle cell makes one class of MHC molecule.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?(a) T cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in the bonemarrow and mature in the thymus.(b) Cell-mediated immunity is primarily carried out by Tcells.(c) Subsequent differentiation of T cells produces cytotoxic(killer) T cells, delayed-hypersensitivity T cells, helper Tcells, and regulatory T cells.(d) Natural killer cells (NK) are exclusively differentiated Tcells.(e) T cells act in situations where antigens are embeddedin cell membranes or are inside host cells and thus areinaccessible to antibodies.arrow_forwardFor question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.Helper T cells receive antigen from.......... , and cytotoxic T cells receive antigen from............. a. macrophages, B cells b. class II MHC, class I MHC c. viruses, bacteria d. class I MHC, class II MHCarrow_forwardWhich of the following T cells would survive education in the thymus? (a) one that recognizes neither MHC nor self-antigen, (b) one that recognizes both MHC and self-antigen, (c) one that recognizes MHC but not self-antigen, (d) one that recognizes self-antigen but not MHC.arrow_forward
- B lymphocytes, the precursors of plasma cells, are triggered to proliferate by the binding of multivalent antigens to receptors on their surfaces. The cell-surface receptors are transmembrane immunoglobulins. Univalent antigens, in contrast, do not activate B cells. (a) What do these findings reveal about the mechanism of B-cell activation? (b) How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?arrow_forwardPut the following steps in order for cell-mediated immunereactions:(a) Differentiated T cells include T helper, delayed hyper-sensitivity, cytotoxic, and memory T cells that all havedifferent immunological functions depending on the an-tigen presented.(b) Antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendriticcells) phagocytize pathogens, ingesting and degradingthem into pieces which are transported to the surface ofthe cell.(c) T cells bearing the corresponding receptor for the pre-sented antigen bind to it and become activated only ifthe appropriate MHC is also present.(d) Some pieces of the pathogen’s antigens are processedby inserting them into the antigen-presenting cell’smembrane and are held in place by class II majorhistocompatibility complex (MHCII) proteins.(e) Activated T cells are stimulated to divide and differen-tiate into different types of T cells, including memorycellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forward
- Lymphocytes responsible for providing cell-mediated immunity are called(a) macrophages. (b) B cells. (c) plasma cells. (d) cytotoxic T cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following immune cells/molecules are most ef-fective at destroying intracellular pathogens?(a) TH cells (d) B cells(b) Antibodies (e) Complement(c) TC cellsarrow_forwardTo become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cellsusually need:(a) To encounter an antigen or receive a signal delivered bya T helper cell(b) To ingest a foreign invader such as a microbe(c) Activation by a plasma cell(d) Contact with an antigen and T helper cell cytokinesarrow_forward
- The best definition of an antigen is:(a) A foreign molecule in the body(b) A chemical that elicits antibody production and binds tothat antibody(c) A molecule that binds to antibody(d) A pathogen(e) An enzyme that activates B cellsarrow_forward1. How does the thymus help the body avoid autoimmune responses? (A) By negatively selecting T cells with receptors that bind to peptide-MHC complexes with high affinity. (B) By positively selecting T cells with receptors that only recognize self peptides. (C) By facilitating cell signaling between T cell surface receptors and antigens in the thymic capsule. (D) By using clonal deletion to eliminate antigen-presenting cells that have low affinity for T cells receptors. 2. Functions of the innate immune system include all of these EXCEPT: (A) to eliminate pathogens directly. (B) to mediate the inflammatory response. (C) to activate the adaptive immune system. (D) All of these are functions of the innate immune system.arrow_forwardPerforins are destructive proteins associated with the activity of, (a) T cells. (b) B cells. (c) macrophages. (d) plasma cells.arrow_forward
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