Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 4, Problem 7RQ
What do the terms “equilibrium” and “constitutional,” as applied to phase diagrams, indicate?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 4 - Describe the difference between a solute and a...Ch. 4 - What is a solid solution?Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Describe the difference between a single-phase and...Ch. 4 - What is an induction heater? What kind of part...Ch. 4 - Describe the major features of a phase diagram.Ch. 4 - What do the terms equilibrium and constitutional,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - What is tempering? Why is it performed?Ch. 4 - Explain what is meant by severity of quenching.
Ch. 4 - What are precipitates? Why are they significant in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - You may have seen some technical literature on...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QLPCh. 4 - What is the difference between hardness and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 20QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 21QLPCh. 4 - Describe the characteristics of (a) an alloy, (b)...Ch. 4 - Explain why carbon, among all elements, is so...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24QLPCh. 4 - In Section 4.8.2, several fluids are listed in...Ch. 4 - Why is it important to know the characteristics of...Ch. 4 - Explain why, in the abscissa of Fig. 4.16c, the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 28QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 4 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 4 - Design a heat-treating cycle for carbon steel,...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.4, estimate the following quantities...Ch. 4 - Prob. 33QTPCh. 4 - Prob. 34QTPCh. 4 - Prob. 35SDPCh. 4 - Figure 4.18b shows hardness distributions in...Ch. 4 - Throughout this chapter, you have seen specific...Ch. 4 - Refer to Fig. 4.24, and think of a variety of...Ch. 4 - Inspect various parts in your car or home, and...
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- BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS Please only answer parts d and e as the rest have been solved. Show full detailed explanation to answers with diagrams if necessary a)(i) What is the melting point of pure Mg?(ii) What is the maximum solubility of Mg in Pb and at what temperaturedoes this occur? (b) A 50 wt.% Pb-50wt% Mg alloy is slowly cooled from 700 °C to 400 °C.(i) At what temperature does the first solid phase form?(ii) What is the composition of this solid phase?(iii) At what temperature does all the liquid solidify?(iv) What is the composition of the last remaining liquid phase?(v) What is the freezing range? (c) What is the mass fraction of solid and liquid of a 60 wt.% Mg alloy at atemperature of 500 °C.(d) Draw and label the microstructure of an 80 wt.% Mg alloy at 600 °C.(e) A Mg-Pb alloy of mass 5.5 kg has a composition just slightly below thesolubility limit of 200 °C.(i) What mass of lead is in the alloy?(ii) If the alloy is heated to 350 °C how much more lead can be dissolvedin…arrow_forwardFor some given binary phase diagram, describe how you would: find the temperatures and compositions of all eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and congruent phase transformations write reactions for all these transformations for either heating or cooling (show an example).arrow_forwardDraw two different types of temperature-composition phase diagrams for an exemplary liquid-solid system, show the important regions and explain the leverage rule on the diagram by deriving the relevant relations.arrow_forward
- According to the following graph, two samples of 1080 steel are cooled from the eutectoid temperature, one at a cooling rate of 250°C/s and the other at a cooling rate of 7.27x10-8 °C/s. Specify the phases obtained and explain their formation from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Also, briefly describe their formation. Draw the microstructure of the phases obtained. Sıcaklık (C) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 10 1 T M(başlama) M(% 50) M(% 90) 10 M+O -Otektoid Sıcaklık 10² Zaman (s) % 50 10³ 104 105arrow_forward1- Examine carefully the microstructure of the specimens? 2- Draw nearly the microstructure with Mag x 150. 3- Define the phases.arrow_forwardQ1 / Two metals Beryllium (Be) and Silicon (Si) have melting points 1282°C and 1414 °C respectively, are completely soluble as liquids but completely insoluble as solids . They form a eutectic at 1090°C containing 61 wt% Si -39wt% Be? Determine the following:- 1- Draw the thermal equilibrium phase diagram and identify all phases are present in diagram ,then sketches what happens in microstructure when the alloys containing , a- 10wt% Si, b-70wt%Si , solidify completely. 2- Determine the composition and the amount of each phase for the alloy which contain 15 wt% Si-85wt% Be at 1150°C If the alloy is hypoeutectic determine the amount of eutectic at 600 °C? or hypereutectic andarrow_forward
- Which line on the above phase diagram corresponds to the Solid-Liquid transition? Answerarrow_forwardQuenching is a process used to preserve at room temperature a phase which exists in equilibrium at high temperature but which would decompose during equilibrium cooling. Explain the basis of this process in the precipitation process and martensitic transformation. Use phase diagrams when necessary.arrow_forwardUse the Lead-Tin (Pb-Sn) phase diagram below to answer the following questions: Place the following microstructures in the correct order of formation for slowly cooling a 98 wt% Sn alloy from 300 °C to room temperature (point A to point B).arrow_forward
- Provide a hypothetical procedure for measuring the phase diagram at different temperatures.arrow_forward. Which one of the following statements about a phase diagram is incorrect? (a) Solid solubility limits are depicted by it. (b) It indicates the temperature at which different phases start to melt. (c) It gives information on transformation rates. (d) Relative amount of different phases can be found under given equilibrium conditions.arrow_forwardCompare the Cu-Ni binary phase diagram with the Al2O3-Cr2O3 binary phase diagram. Why are they so similar? HINT: Review the Hume-Rothery rules.arrow_forward
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